Endocrine system L2

Question 1

Review hormone chart in lesson

Answer 1

please

Question 2

When is the quantity of hGH at it’s highest?

Answer 2

Childhood and adolescence

Question 3

What causes pituitary dwarfism?

Answer 3

Too little GH(growth hormone) during childhood

Question 4

What causes gigantism?

Answer 4

Too much growth hormone during childhood

Question 5

What does overproduction of GH cause in adults?

Answer 5

Acromegaly

Question 6

What is acromegaly and what does it cause?

Answer 6

• Syndrome where the pituitary gland produces excess HGH after epiphyseal plate
  closure
• Continued growth in lower jaw, hands,
  feet, nose

Question 7

What is the thyroid?

Answer 7

Large gland located in neck, where it is attached to trachea just below the larynx

Question 8

What is the parathyroid?

Answer 8

Four glands are embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland

Question 9

What allows the thyroid to function?

Answer 9

Requires iodine to produce thyroxine (T4)
which contains four iodine atoms, and
triiodothyronine (T3) which contains three iodine atoms

Question 10

What does the thyroid do?

Answer 10

Increase metabolic rate, and stimulate all body cells to metabolize and use energy at faster rate

Question 11

What is too little thyroxine called?

Answer 11

hypothyroidism

Question 12

What are symptoms of hypothyroidism?

Answer 12

• cold, fatigue, dry skin, hair loss, weight gain, sleep a lot (myxedema in adults)
• in children, leads to abnormal mental and
  physical development , growth retardation
  (cretinism)

Question 13

What is too much thyroxine called?

Answer 13

Hyperthyroidism (grave’s disease)

Question 14

What are symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

Answer 14

• jittery, weight loss, fast heart rate, feel warm, mood swings, hair loss, bulging eyes
• treated by removing a portion of thyroid gland (surgically or chemically)

Question 15

What happens if iodine is lacking in the diet?

Answer 15

A simple goiter develops

• Use of iodized salt helps prevent simple goiters

Question 16

What does iodine do?

Answer 16

Iodine is required to synthesize thyroxine

• Swelling is due to the continued stimulation by TSH (no thyroxine made so negative feedback doesn’t work), causes increase in thyroid size in an attempt to make more thyroxine

Question 17

What does calcitonin do?

Answer 17

Produced by thyroid – helps lower blood
calcium level when it is too high

Question 18

What is the main function of calcitonin?

Answer 18

• Primary effect is to bring about deposit of
  calcium in bones  temporarily reduces activity and number of osteoclasts
• When blood calcium is returned to normal,
  release of calcitonin inhibited

Question 19

What is the function of the parathyroid?

Answer 19

Secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH) - raises blood calcium when low, and decreases the blood phosphate level

Question 20

What does PTH do?

Answer 20

PTH acts by stimulating the activity of osteoclasts - releasing calcium from bone
- stimulates reabsorption of calcium by kidneys and intestine