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Chapter 18 The Endocrine System > Endocrine System, Glands And Hormone Activity > Flashcards

Endocrine System, Glands And Hormone Activity Flashcards

0
Q

The endocrine system controls body activities by releasing

A

Hormones with most of which entering interstitial fluid and then the blood stream

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1
Q

The endocrine consists of

A

Endocrine glands and other hormone- secreting tissues

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2
Q

Hormone affects only specific target cells with receptors that bind and recognize that hormone

A

Right

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3
Q

Hormones may effect the cells that do not have receptors for the

A

Wrong

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4
Q

Cells have receptors for only one type of hormone

A

Wrong

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5
Q

When one hormone opposes the actions of another hormone the two hormones are said to have

A

Antagonistic effects

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6
Q

When the effects of two hormones acting together is greater than the effect of each hormone acting along the two hormones are said to have

A

Synergistic effects

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7
Q

Which structures has only an endocrine function

A

Thyroid gland, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla

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8
Q

What stores the hormones secreted by the hypothalamus

A

Posterior pituitary

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9
Q

What causes an increase in the basal metabolic rate

A

Thyroxine

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10
Q

With respect to regulation of blood Ca2+ which two hormones are antagonists

A

Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

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11
Q

Thyroid hormone is the antagonist of calcitonin

A

Wrong parathyroid hormone

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12
Q

What does not have an effect on the breasts

A

Aldosterone

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13
Q

Calcitonin can lower blood levels of Ca2+ by

A

Inhibiting bone reabsorption by osteoclasts

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14
Q

What type of cells secret glucagon which acts on liver cells(target cells) and raises blood glucose level

A

Alpha cells

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15
Q

The secretion of glucagon is inhibited by

A

High blood glucose levels

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16
Q

What cell secrete insulin which lowers blood glucose level and increases glucose uptake by cells

A

Beta cells

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17
Q

The secretion of insulin is inhibited by

A

Low blood glucose levels

18
Q

What hormones do not program T-lymphocytes

A

Thymopoietin and thyroxine

19
Q

What causes suppression of inflammation and depresses immune responses

A

Glucocorticoids

20
Q

What nervous system affects the secretion of hormones from the adrenal medulla

A

Sympathetic

21
Q

Epinephrine and norepinephrine intensify what type of response and has what kind of reaction on the body

A

Fight or flight response and increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, increased blood flow to the heart and dilated airways to the lungs

22
Q

Heart

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide

23
Q

Kidneys

A

Renin

24
Q

Placenta

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin

25
Q

Anterior pituitary

A

Growth hormone, prolactin

26
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin

27
Q

Pineal gland

A

Melatonin

28
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

Aldosterone

29
Q

Stress response occurs in three stages

A

Fight or flight, resistance reaction, and exhaustion

30
Q

What is fight or flight in stress response and how is it initiated

A

Short term is initiated by nerve impulses from the hypothalamus to the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

31
Q

Resistance reaction in stress response is? And how is it initiated

A

Long term is initiated by releasing hormones secreted by the hypothalamus

32
Q

How is epinephrine related to stress response

A

Short term

33
Q

How is cortisol related to stress response

A

Long term

34
Q

Disorders of the endocrine system often involve two conditions

A

Hyposecretion and hypersecretion

35
Q

Hyposecretion

A

Inadequate release of a hormone

36
Q

Hypersecretion

A

Excessive release of a hormone

37
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

Hyposecretion of insulin

38
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

39
Q

Graves’ disease

A

Hypersecretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

40
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

Hypersecretion of cortisol

41
Q

Seasonal affective disorder

A

Hypersecretion of melatonin

42
Q

Congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism)

A

Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone

Chapter 18 The Endocrine System (13 decks)

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