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Science Olympiad > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is it?

A

A chemical control system which functions with the nervous system to maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

Nervous vs. Endocrine

A

both systems enable cells to communicate with others by using chemical signals

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3
Q

Chemical Messenger

A

Nervous: neurotransmitter
Endocrine: hormones

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4
Q

Location of message

A

Nervous: synapses
Endocrine: target cells

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5
Q

Effects

A

Nervous: rapid and short-lasting
Endocrine: slow and long-lasting

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6
Q

Controls

A

Nervous: muscles and glands
Endocrine: Activities of cells

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7
Q

Exocrine Glands

A

secrete through a duct to the targeted tissue, such as digestive glands

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8
Q

Endocrine glands

A

they are ductless and secretes right into the bloodstream

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9
Q

What do they secrete?

A

Hormones

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10
Q

Hormone jobs

A

each has a specific target tissue; may increase or decrease its activity

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11
Q

Secretion rates

A

not a constant rate; vary with the needs of the body

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12
Q

Is in charge of

A

processes that happen slowly, such as the growth of cells

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13
Q

What do hormones influence?

A

Almost every cell and organ in the body

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14
Q

Homeostasis

A

a controlled internal environment

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15
Q

Stimulus

A

change in homeostatic environment; signal sent to CNS

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16
Q

Response

A

signal sent from CNS; produce effect and body returns to homeostasis

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17
Q

Hormones

A

chemical messengers

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18
Q

What do they send?

A

important information from one set of cells to another

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19
Q

What cells do they affect?

A

cells that are programmed to receive the specific hormone’s message

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20
Q

Glands

A

group of cells that produce the hormones

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21
Q

Salivary glands produce …

A

saliva

22
Q

When a hormone reaches a certain amount…

A

the glands will produce less of that specific hormone

23
Q

How are the glands told to change the production of that hormone?

A

substances in the blood; by the hormone that is secreted

24
Q

Turnoff Processes

A

Most hormones use negative feedback or a closed-loop system

25
Q

Negative feedback

A

a response that opposes the initial change; most common control mechanism; level of hormone in blood or body’s return to homeostasis shuts off the loop at hypothalamus and pituitary

26
Q

Positive feedback

A

reinforces the original change

27
Q

Hypothalamus location

A

part of the brain and attached to the posterior pituitary

28
Q

Hypothalamus function

A

synchronize the information from the brain and the secretions of hormones

29
Q

Neurosecretory Cells

A

specialized neurons that synthesize and secrete hormones

30
Q

Hypothalamus controls

A

the secretions of the pituitary gland through nervous stimulation(posterior pituitary); releases hormones secreted to the anterior pituitary

31
Q

Neuronal

A

to POSTERIOR PITUITARY

32
Q

Endocrine

A

to ANTERIOR PITUITARY

33
Q

RH

A

Pituitary releasing hormone

34
Q

RIH

A

Pituitary release inhibiting hormone

35
Q

Pituitary Location

A

base of the brain; size of a pea; master gland

36
Q

Pituitary controls

A

other endocrine system glands; helps control body and tissue growth

37
Q

Pituitary Secretions

A

endorphins

38
Q

Endorphins

A

chemicals that reduce sensitivity to pain

39
Q

Pituitary Sections

A

Anterior and Posterior

40
Q

Anterior Pituitary

A

master gland; secretions regulate many other body glands

41
Q

Anterior Pituitary secrets

A

FSH; LH; TSH; ACTH; GH, MSH, Prolactin

42
Q

FSH and LH

A

Follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone regulate the production of estrogen and progesterone

43
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone; stimulate thyroid to secrete thyroxin

44
Q

ACTH

A

Adreno-corticotropic hormone; stimulates the chemical release from the adrenal cortex

45
Q

GH

A

Growth hormone; stimulate cell growth

46
Q

MSH

A

Melanocyte stimulating hormone; increases production of the skin pigment melanin

47
Q

Prolactin

A

stimulates the production of milk in nursing mothers

48
Q

Posterior pituitary secretions

A

oxytocin; ADH

49
Q

Oxytocin

A

stimulate contractions of the uterus when beginning childbirth, and allows the milk to be released from the breast tissue

50
Q

ADH

A

Antidiuretic Hormone;stimulates the kidneys to absorb more water from the collecting duct in the kidneys, so there is more water in the blood

51
Q

Pineal

A

in the brain; secretes melatonin; plays a role in our sleep and wake cycles

52
Q

Melatonin

A

regulates our internal clocks and any rhythmic activities

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