endocrine system

Question 1

what are the two non-tropic hormones in the pituitary gland (anterior lobe)?

Answer 1

human growth hormone

• stimulates growth by increasing amino acids (protein) in the body
• increases the metabolism of fats
• promotes growth of muscles and bones

prolactan
-stimulates production of milk

Question 2

hyersecretion

Answer 2

too much human growth hormone is released causing giant-ism during childhood and acromegly in adulthood

Question 3

hypo-secretion

Answer 3

not enough human growth hormone is released causing dwarfism

Question 4

what are the tropic hormones in the pituitary gland (anterior lobe)?

Answer 4

1-adrenalcorticotropic hormone
-stimulates the cortex of the adrenal glands to secrete cortisol and aldosterone
2-thyroid stimulating hormone
-stimulates thyroid gland to secrete thyroxin (affects the rate of the metabolism, energy and growth)
3-melanocytestimulating hormone
-stimulates melanin production
4-follicle stimulating hormone
-stimulates maturation of the sex cells
-female: ovum(egg)
-male: spermatozoon (sperm)
5-luteninizing hormone
-stimulates the monthly release of the egg in the ovaries
-production of progesterone
6-interstitial cell stimulating hormone
-stimulates sperm production and release of testosterone

Question 5

what hormones are in the pituitary gland (posterior lobe)?

Answer 5

1-oxytocin hormone
-causes uterine contractions during birth
-returns the uterus to normal size
-causes contractions of the mammary gland muscles
2-antidiuretic hormone
-decreases secretion of of water by the kidneys
-increases contraction of the blood vessels (raise in blood pressure)
-alcohol and caffeine reduces ADH
-nicotine and stress increases ADH

Question 6

types of glands

Answer 6

excorine-secrete products through ducts

endocrine-secretes products through blood stream

Question 7

where are the hormones in the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland produced?

Answer 7

hypothalamus

Question 8

what is the thyroid gland responsible for?

Answer 8

controlling chemical process or the metabolism of the body. Also controls the growth of long bones in the body

Question 9

what hormones are released from the thyroid gland?

Answer 9

1- thyroxin:
- controls the rate of body metabolism (rate of cellular respiration and resulting heat production.
-helps develop bones, teeth muscle tone, body temp and mental development.
2- calcitonin:
-lowers level of calcium in the blood (removes excess calcium and puts it in the bones)

Question 10

hypothyroidism

Answer 10

develops goitre (deficient in iodine)
-non functional thyroxin produced and it accumulates and swells
cretinism
-lack of thyroxin in childhood
myxedma
-lack of thyroxin in adulthood (low blood pressure, slow metabolic rate, low body temp, weight gain, loss of hair

Question 11

hyperthyroidism

Answer 11

overproduction of thyroxin

high body temp, high blood pressure, loss of weight, irritability muscular weakness and protruding eyes (exopthalmos

Question 12

function of the parathyroid gland?

Answer 12

regulates calcium phosphate balance between blood an other tissues (raises calcium in the blood stream)

Question 13

what is it called when the hypothalamus produces substances?

Answer 13

releasing factors

Question 14

where is the pituitary gland located?

Answer 14

brain

Question 15

where is the thyroid gland located?

Answer 15

throat (underneath larynx )

Question 16

what hormones are secreted by the pancreas?

Answer 16

1-insulin
-stimulates the muscles and liver to convert more glucose into glycogen for storage
2-glucagon
-stimulates glycogen into glucose (increases blood glucose)

Question 17

hyperinsulinism

Answer 17

excessive amounts of insulin 
-leads to hypoglycemia (low glucose levels in the blood)
symptoms 
-blurred vision
-extreme cases coma or death

Question 18

hypoinsulinism

Answer 18

low levels of insulin in the blood 
-leads to hyperglycemia (high glucose levels in the blood)
symptoms 
-weight loss
-excessive urine output
-extreme cases coma or death

Question 19

what cells make up the two hormones in the pancreas?

Answer 19

islets of langerhans

Question 20

feedback loop for insulin?

Answer 20

eat meal—–>increase in blood glucose levels—->pancreas releases insulin—->makes cells more permeable to glucose (converts excess glucose to glycogen—–> decreasing blood glucose levels

Question 21

feedback loop for glucagon?

Answer 21

vigorous activity (loses energy)—-> decrease in blood glucose levels—-> pancreas releases glucagon—->converts glycogen into glucose —–>increasing blood glucose levels

Question 22

what hormones comes from the adrenal cortex?

Answer 22

cortisol (Glycocorticoids)
-promotes the synthesis of glucose from proteins and fats called gluconeogenesis
Aldosterone (mineralcorticoids)
-regulates the level of sodium and some of potassium

Question 23

what hormones comes from the adrenal medulla?

Answer 23

Adrenalin
- secreted when in physiological attributes associated with stressful situations
symptoms
-increase heart rate
- stimulates the conversion of glycogen to glucose
-increase blood pressure

Question 24

addisons disease (hyposecretion)

Answer 24

lack of cortisol, unable to maintain the glucose level of the blood between eating meals

Question 25

cushing’s syndrome (hypersecretion)

Answer 25

cortisol causes an increase in fat in the skin resulting in the person having thin arms and legs but an enlarged trunk

Question 26

how is the hormones from the adrenal medulla related to the nervous system?

Answer 26

under control by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Question 27

which hormones increase blood glucose levels and where are they secreted from?

Answer 27

glucagon-Pancreas
Adrenalin-Adrenal
cortisol- Adrenal

Question 28

which hormones decreases blood glucose levels an where are they secreted from?

Answer 28

insulin-pancreas

thyroxin-thyroid