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Endocrine System: Hormones > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Notecard example :

A 
Name 
From where / to where
Function 
Hyper/ hypo
Patho, Diseased, Conditions, Imbalances
Cause/ risk factors
Signs/ symptoms 
Treatment (infections)
Nursing care
5W’s
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2
Q

Endocrine system

A

Chemical messengers- to other cells in the body

Hypo/ hyper secretion - pathological conditions

  1. Hypothalamus
  2. Pituitary (anterior & posterior)
  3. Pineal
  4. thyroid
  5. Parathyroid
  6. Pancreas
  7. Adrenal (cortex & medulla)
  8. ovaries
  9. Testes
  10. Thymus
  11. Gastrointestinal Mucosa
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3
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Link between endocrine and nervous system
Controls pituitary gland
Controls adrenal medulla (epin. & nore)

  1. GHRH—- anterior pituitary —-GH
    TRH — anterior pituitary —-TSH
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4
Q

Anterior Pituitary Gland/ Lobe
“Master Gland”

Hormones: 6

A
  1. GH
  2. TSH
  3. FSH
  4. LH
  5. Prolactin
  6. MSH

Diseased, Conditions, Imbalances:
- Panhypopituitarism: premature aging, hair loss, cachexia.

  • Simmonds disease (pit. Atrophies)
    Causes thyroid, adrenal, gonads, to loose function
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5
Q

GH

A

Growth hormone

Hypothalamus —ant.pituitary lobe—bones, cartilage, connective tissue.

Hormones causes cells to:
Undergo mitoses, mobilize fat (lipolysis), decrease use of glucose

Hypo-secretion: gigantism (before puberty, acromegaly (after puberty)

Hyper-secretion: pituitary Dwarfism

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6
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone
Hypothalamus —anterior pituitary lobe —thyroid

Hormones causes cells to:
Growth of thyroid gland, release TH/ T3 & T4

Hypersecretion: Graves (autoimmune) disease
Immunoglobulin imitates normal TSH to hypersecrete TH.

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7
Q

LH

A

Lutenizing Hormone

Anterior pituitary gland— testosterone — testes

Diseased, Conditions, Imbalances

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8
Q

FSH

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Anterior pituitary gland —. (estrogen & progesterone)—ovaries

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9
Q

Prolactin

A

anterior pituitary gland — mammary gland — epithelial cells

Hormones causes cells to: epithelial cells in mammary gland, breast milk synthesis

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10
Q

Posterior Pituitary Gland/ lobe

“Master gland”

A
  1. 2.

PDIC: Panpituitarism / Simmonds

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11
Q

Oxytocin

A

Posterior pituitary lobe — uterus & breast

Hormones causes cells in smooth muscle of
uterus to contract during labor, stimulates milk release

Synthetic oxytocin — IV—induce labor

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12
Q

ADH

A

Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin VP)

Posterior pituitary lobe —Kinney tubules
Hormones causes cells to: stimulate reabsorption of H2O back in the blood by renal tubules during urine formation that increase blood levels and pressure

PDIC: Diabetes Insipidus

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13
Q

Pineal Gland

A
  1. Melatonin

2. Seratonin

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14
Q

Melatonin

A

Pineal —melatonin

Hormones causes cells to: regulate gonadotropin influences body’s internal clock released at night

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15
Q

Serotonin

A

Pineal— serotonin

Hormones causes cells to:
Vasoconstrict smooth muscle: acts to inhibit gastric secretion

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16
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Hypothalamus— thyroid— hormones

  1. Thyroxine T4
  2. Triiodothyronine T3
  3. Calcitonin
17
Q

Thyroxine T4

A

Thyroid —T4 —metabolism

Regulates metabolism (BasicMR), physical and mental growth and development, metabolizes F, P, C, H2O, V, M

PDIC: anorexia, goiter, exopthalmia

Hypothyroidism: cretinism (infant), myxedema (adult: adult mucus swollen face), hashimoto disease.
Gain weight, lethargic, low heart rate

Hyperthyroidism: thyrotoxicosis, Graves’ disease, endemic goiter(iodine) basedow disease, anorexia, anxiety, increases HR

18
Q

Triiodothyronine T3

A

Thyroid—T3

Influences BMR and is more active than T4

19
Q

Calcitonin

A

Thyroid —calcitonin—bones

Influences bone and Ca2+ metabolism and helps maintain plasma Ca2+ homeostasis, (thyrocalcitonin)

20
Q

Parathyroid Gland

A

Parathyroid hormone (parathormone)

Hormones causes cells to: regulate calcium levels in the blood stream by targeting kidney tubules to activate Vit D, and reabsorb Ca2+ from urine process,
Intestinal cell walls release osteoclasts
Metabolism of phosphorus

PDIC: Hypocalcemia:
Hypo parathyroidism: tetany (muscle spam)
Hyperparathyroidism: osteoporosis, kidney stones, hypercalcemia

21
Q

Glucagon

A

Pancreas —glucagon (islets of lagerhans )

Hormones causes cells to: facilitate the breakdown of glycogen to glucose inn liver cells

Alpha respond to decreased blood glucose to increase blood sugar.

22
Q

Pancreas

A
  1. Glucose
  2. Insulin
  3. Somatostatin

Endocrine function: regulate glucose in the blood
Exocrine function: release digestive enzymes

Type 1: DM
Alpha: secrete glucagon
Beta: secrete insulin
Delta: secrete somatostatin (suppresses release of glucagon and insulin)

23
Q

Insulin

A

Pancreas— insulin—
Insulin maintains normal blood sugar by allowing entry of glucose into cells

Beta cells respond to increase blood glucose

Hormones causes cells to: uptake glucose for use and fat formation to lower blood glucose (link glucose into glycogen )

Hypoinsulinism: Type 1: DM , hyperglycemia,
Hypoglycemia (perketoacidosis: coma, PO-insulin shock-coma, convulsions, death)

Hyper insulinism:

24
Q

Pancreas disorders

A

K

25
Q

Somatostatin

A

Pancreas—somatostatin

It is secreted to suppress the released of glucagon and insulin

26
Q

Adrenal Glands: Cortex

A

Glucocorticoids

  1. Cortisol
  2. Corticosterone
27
Q

Adrenal Gland: cortex

Cortisol

A

Adrenal gland— cortex—glucocorticoid— cortisol

Cortisol:
Regulate carbs, proteins, fats metabolism needed for glucose.

Increase blood sugar level
Anti-inflammatory effect
Helps body cope with stress
(Body wide immunity)

Hypo: Addison’s disease
Hyper: Cushings disease

28
Q

Adrenal gland—cortex

Corticosterone

A

Adrenal gland— cortex—glucocorticoid— corticosterone

Influences sodium and potassium metabolism

29
Q

Adrenal gland—cortex—mineralcorticoid— aldosterone

A

Aldosterone
Regulate electrolyte and H2O balance by promoting Na and Cl - reabsoprtion and K+ excretion

Hyposecretion: reduced plasma volume,

Hypersecretion primary aldosteronism :
Decrease K+, increase Na+
Increase blood volume and pressure

RAA pathway

30
Q

Adrenal glands— cortex —mineralcorticoid— testosterone/ androgen

A

Influences development of male secondary sex organs

PDIC: virilism, hirutism

31
Q

Adrenal glands — medulla— dopamine

A

Sympathetic NS
(Given to Parkinson’s disease patients)

Dilated systemic arteries elevates systolic blood pressure, increase cardiac output, increase urinary output

32
Q

Adrenal glands—medulla—epinephrine/ norepinephrine

A

Regulate sympathetic autonomic NS

Vasoconstrictor, vasopressor,

Epinephrine: cardiac stimulants, antispasmodic, sympathomimetic

Norepinephrine: VC VP neurotransmitter
Increase systolic diastolic blood pressure
Increase HR CO, increase glycogenesis

33
Q

Ovaries

A

Estrogen

Progesterone

34
Q

Ovaries—estrogen / progesterone

A

Estradiol, estrone, estriol

Essential for growth and development and maintenance of female sex organs and secondary sex characteristics

Mammary glands
Sex drive

Progesterone: prepares the uterus for pregnancy

35
Q

Testes—testosterone

A

Growth and development of sex organs

36
Q

Thymus gland

A

Thymus—Thymopoietin—thymosin

Promotes the maturation process of T lymphocyte (WBCs) —cell mediated immunity

37
Q

Gastrointestinal Mucosa

A
  1. Gastrin: stimulates gastric acid secretion, (affects gallbladder, SI, pancreas)
  2. Secretin: pancreatic juice, bile intestinal secretion
  3. Cholecystokinin: contraction / empty of gall bladder and secretion of pancreatic enzymes
  4. Enterogastrone: regulate gastric secretion

Endocrine System: Hormones (1 decks)

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