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DAT BIO > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Three Main Types of Hormones

A

1) Steroid
2) Polypeptide
3) Amine

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2
Q

Essential Concept

A

Endocrine gland secretes hormone, it travels in the blood to a target site, and bind to a receptor. Most likely enter the nucleus and activation of mRNA synthesis occurs

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3
Q

Oxytocin Hormone

A

Stimulates contraction of uterus and stimulates mammary glands to assist in milk ejections
(Hypothalamus)
-Tropic

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4
Q

FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)

A

ovarian follicle in women, spermatogenesis in males (Anterior Pituitary Gland)
-Tropic

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5
Q

ADH (Vasopressin)

A 
Antidiuretic Hormone (Hypothalamus) 
-Tropic
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6
Q

Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)

A

Bone Growth, Increase DNA and RNA and protein synthesis (Anterior Pituitary Gland)
-Tropic

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7
Q

LH (Luteinizing Hormone)

A

Stimulates ovulation, progesterone secretion, corpus lute formation and stimulates testosterone secretion in men (Anterior Pituitary Gland)
-Tropic

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8
Q

TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)

A

Will stimulate the thyroid gland to make hormones and their release (Anterior Pituitary Gland)
-Tropic

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9
Q

ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone)

A

Stimulate adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids such as cortisol (Anterior Pituitary Gland)
-Tropic

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10
Q

Prolactin

A

Various functions (Anterior Pituitary Gland) - non-tropic

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11
Q

MSH (Melanocyte - Stimulating Hormone)

A

Regulates melanocytes (pigmentation), can suppress appetite (Anterior Pituitary Gland) - non-tropic

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12
Q

T3 (Triiodothyronine)

A

Growth and cell differentiation, control in O2 consumption and basal metabolic rate (Thyroid)

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13
Q

T4 (Thyroxine)

A

Growth and cell differentiation, control in O2 consumption and basal metabolic rate (Thyroid)

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14
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Too much thyroid hormone

-increase metabolism, weight loss, high BP

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15
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Too little thyroid hormone

- gain weight, cold, tired

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16
Q

Calcitonin

A

Hormone which lowers blood calcium (thyroid)

17
Q

PTH (Parathyroid Hormone)

A

Increase in blood calcium concentration (Parathyroid Gland)

18
Q

Pancreas

A 
Both endocrine and exocrine 
Alpha cells (20%) secrete glucagon - glycogen breakdown
Beta cells (70%) secrete insulin which lowers blood sugar
Somatostatin (under 10%) inhibiting secretion of insulin and glucagon "inhibitory" hormone
19
Q

Adrenal gland

A

Epinephrine (80%)-released when were under stress and norepinephrine (20%)- released into circulation at low levels - involved with short term stress response
Catecholamines - can dilate or constrict blood vessels
Aldosterone - stimulates kidney cells for reabsorb sodium wth water (increase blood volume)

20
Q

Gonads (Testes and Ovaries)

A

Secrete gametes and sex hormones
Steroid hormones:
1)Estrogen - development of female sex characteristics, growth, egg cell maturation, prepare uterus for preg
2)Progestins - preparing and maintaining uterus for pregnancy and breast development
3)Androgens- male sex hormone testosterone, male secondary sex characteristics muscle building, sperm formations, growth

21
Q

GnRH (Gonadotropin releasing hormone)

A

Stimulates release of FSH and LH from anterior pituitary gland (Hypothalamus)

22
Q

Pineal Gland

A

In brain, third eye, produces melatonin (make you sleep)- production is stimulated in the dark and inhibited in the light

23
Q

Placenta

A

Makes progesterone and estrogen

24
Q

ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide)

A

Lowering blood pressure by relaxing the arterioles and inhibiting reabsorption of Na by the kidney (Heart)

25
Q

EPO (erythropoietin)

A

Binds with bone marrow receptor to stimulate the production of RBC (kidneys)

26
Q

Renin

A

increases blood pressure (kidney)

DAT BIO (1 decks)

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