Endocrine System Flashcards
Three Main Types of Hormones
1) Steroid
2) Polypeptide
3) Amine
Essential Concept
Endocrine gland secretes hormone, it travels in the blood to a target site, and bind to a receptor. Most likely enter the nucleus and activation of mRNA synthesis occurs
Oxytocin Hormone
Stimulates contraction of uterus and stimulates mammary glands to assist in milk ejections
(Hypothalamus)
-Tropic
FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)
ovarian follicle in women, spermatogenesis in males (Anterior Pituitary Gland)
-Tropic
ADH (Vasopressin)
Antidiuretic Hormone (Hypothalamus) -Tropic
Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)
Bone Growth, Increase DNA and RNA and protein synthesis (Anterior Pituitary Gland)
-Tropic
LH (Luteinizing Hormone)
Stimulates ovulation, progesterone secretion, corpus lute formation and stimulates testosterone secretion in men (Anterior Pituitary Gland)
-Tropic
TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)
Will stimulate the thyroid gland to make hormones and their release (Anterior Pituitary Gland)
-Tropic
ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone)
Stimulate adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids such as cortisol (Anterior Pituitary Gland)
-Tropic
Prolactin
Various functions (Anterior Pituitary Gland) - non-tropic
MSH (Melanocyte - Stimulating Hormone)
Regulates melanocytes (pigmentation), can suppress appetite (Anterior Pituitary Gland) - non-tropic
T3 (Triiodothyronine)
Growth and cell differentiation, control in O2 consumption and basal metabolic rate (Thyroid)
T4 (Thyroxine)
Growth and cell differentiation, control in O2 consumption and basal metabolic rate (Thyroid)
Hyperthyroidism
Too much thyroid hormone
-increase metabolism, weight loss, high BP
Hypothyroidism
Too little thyroid hormone
- gain weight, cold, tired
Calcitonin
Hormone which lowers blood calcium (thyroid)
PTH (Parathyroid Hormone)
Increase in blood calcium concentration (Parathyroid Gland)
Pancreas
Both endocrine and exocrine Alpha cells (20%) secrete glucagon - glycogen breakdown Beta cells (70%) secrete insulin which lowers blood sugar Somatostatin (under 10%) inhibiting secretion of insulin and glucagon "inhibitory" hormone
Adrenal gland
Epinephrine (80%)-released when were under stress and norepinephrine (20%)- released into circulation at low levels - involved with short term stress response
Catecholamines - can dilate or constrict blood vessels
Aldosterone - stimulates kidney cells for reabsorb sodium wth water (increase blood volume)
Gonads (Testes and Ovaries)
Secrete gametes and sex hormones
Steroid hormones:
1)Estrogen - development of female sex characteristics, growth, egg cell maturation, prepare uterus for preg
2)Progestins - preparing and maintaining uterus for pregnancy and breast development
3)Androgens- male sex hormone testosterone, male secondary sex characteristics muscle building, sperm formations, growth
GnRH (Gonadotropin releasing hormone)
Stimulates release of FSH and LH from anterior pituitary gland (Hypothalamus)
Pineal Gland
In brain, third eye, produces melatonin (make you sleep)- production is stimulated in the dark and inhibited in the light
Placenta
Makes progesterone and estrogen
ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide)
Lowering blood pressure by relaxing the arterioles and inhibiting reabsorption of Na by the kidney (Heart)
EPO (erythropoietin)
Binds with bone marrow receptor to stimulate the production of RBC (kidneys)
Renin
increases blood pressure (kidney)
