Endocrine system Flashcards
What are the three mechanisms of intercellular communication?
Paracrine, Autocrine, Endocrine
What does the amount of hormone in the blood depend on?
The rate of hormone secretion and rate of removal from blood
What do beta cells secrete?
Insulin
What do alpha cells secrete?
Glucagon
Where are alpha and beta cells found?
The pancreas
What does insulin do?
When insulin is secreted into the blood stream it causes the liver and muscles to uptake glucose, therefore decrease the blood glucose concentration
What does glucagon do?
Targets the liver cell to breakdown glycogen (stored form of glucose) and synthesis more glucose and ketone to increase the blood glucose concentration
What is hyper and hypo secretion?
When there is too much or too little hormone being produced
What is hypo and hyper sensitivity
When hormone receptors respond too much or have little / no response
What is type 1 diabetes?
Hypo-secretion: too little or no insulin is secreted so glucose levels are very high in someone who has this
What is type 2 diabetes
hyposensitive: too little or no response to insulin from the receptor
What are some outcomes of diabetes
Glucosuria, polyuria, polydipsia, disrupted blood flow, diabetic neuropathy
Where is the pituitary gland located?`
At the base of the brain and is attached to the hypothalamus
How is the pituitary gland activated?
When the hypothalamus receives neural input it will stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete hormones
What are some anatomical features of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?
It is connected to the hypothalamus by neurons, the cells bodies in the hypothalamus and axons terminate in the posterior lobe. And secretes hormones into the blood.
