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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM > endocrine system > Flashcards

endocrine system Flashcards

organs that secrete hormones into the blood stream control the function of other target organs long distance communication

1
Q

Endocrine System

A
  • Organs that secrete hormones into the bloodstream
  • Controls the function of other target organs
  • Long distance communication
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2
Q

Primary Endocrine Organs

A
  1. Hypothalamus
  2. Pituitary
  3. Pineal
  4. Thyroid and Parathyroid
  5. Thymus
  6. Adrenal Gland
  7. Pancreas
  8. Testes and Ovaries
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3
Q

Hypothalamus Structure

A

Structure: neural secretory cells and nuclei that connect to the pituitary gland

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4
Q

Hypothalamus function

A

controls release of pituitary hormones

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5
Q

neural secretory cells

A

neurons that secrete hormones at axon terminal

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6
Q

hypothalamus secretes

A

releasing and inhibiting tropic hormones to the anterior pituitary gland

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7
Q

tropic hormones

A

secreted from one gland, causes another gland to secrete

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8
Q

hypothalamus connections

A

posterior pituitary

anterior pituitary

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9
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Structure: neural secretory cells and nuclei that connect to the pituitary gland
neural secretory cells: neurons that secrete hormones at axon terminal
function: controls release of pituitary hormones
secretes: releasing and inhibiting tropic hormones to the anterior pituitary gland
tropic hormones: secreted from one gland, causes another gland to secrete

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10
Q

hypothalamus - posterior pituitary connection

A
  1. neurons in hypothalamus synthesizes and secretes hormones
    - supraoptic nucleus: oxytocin
    - paraventricular nucleus: antidiuretic hormone
  2. hormones stored in terminal vesicles in posterior pituitary
  3. when stimulated, vesicles release hormones in capillary beds of posterior pituitary
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11
Q

hypothalamus - anterior pituitary connection

A
  • portal system-
    1. stimulated neurosecretory cells release hormones in 1st capillary bed
    2. 1st capillary bed - portal vein - 2nd capillary bed
    3. hormones exit capillaries - stimulate AP endocrine cells
    4. AP endocrine cells secrete hormones in capillaries
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12
Q

pituitary gland

A

posterior

anterior

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13
Q

posterior pituitary gland structure

A

neural tissue (axon terminals) from hypothalamus

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14
Q

posterior pituitary gland secretes

A
  1. Antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin
    targets: kidneys
    results: increase water reabsorption
  2. Oxytocin
    targets: uterus and breasts
    results: uterine contraction and milk expulsion
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15
Q

anterior pituitary gland structure

A

epithelial tissue

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16
Q

anterior pituitary gland secretes

A
  1. prolactin
  2. thyroid stimulating hormone
  3. adrenocorticotropic hormone
  4. growth hormone
  5. luteinizing hormone
  6. follicle stimulating hormone
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17
Q

prolactin

A 
prolactin- controlled by hypothalamus
prolactin releasing hormone
prolactin inhibiting hormone (dopamine)
acts on breasts
results: milk secretion and mammary gland development
18
Q

thyroid stimulating hormone

A

TSH-controlled by hypothalamus
thyrotropin releasing hormone causes the release of thyroid stimulating hormone
acts on thyroid gland
results: release thyroid hormones – metabolism

19
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

ACTH-controlled by hypothalamus
corticotropin releasing hormone
acts on adrenal gland
results: glucocorticoids–stress response

20
Q

growth hormone

A

GH- controlled by hypothalamus
growth hormone releasing hormone
growth hormone inhibiting hormone (somatostatin)
acts on liver and cells
results: releases insulin like growth factors (liver)
signals growth and metabolism (cells)

21
Q

another name for growth hormone inhibiting hormone GHIH

A

somatostatin

22
Q

another name for antidiuretic hormone ADH

A

vasopressin

23
Q

luteinizing hormone

A

LH-controlled by hypothalamus
gonadotropin releasing hormone
acts on ovaries and testes
results: ovulation, secretion of sex hormones

24
Q

follicle stimulating hormone

A

FH - controlled by hypothalamus
gonadotropin releasing hormone
acts on ovaries and testes
results: development of egg and sperm

25
Q

pineal gland

A

structure: epithelial tissue in brain
secretes: melatonin
results: regulate circadian rhythms

26
Q

thyroid

A

structure: butterfly structure, ventral surface of trachea
secretes: tetraiodothyronine (T4) and triiodothyronine T3) - increase metabolism
calcitonin - lowers calcium levels, deposition in bone

27
Q

parathyroid

A

structure: 4 small glands behind thyroid
secretes: parathyroid hormone
results: increase calcium levels

28
Q

thymus

A

structure: two lobed gland in front of heart
secretes: thymosin
result: T Cell functional regulation

29
Q

adrenal gland

A

structure: multilayered glands above the kidneys (suprarenal)
cortex
medulla

30
Q

cortex-
what does cortex mean?
what does it secrete? what are the results?

A 
outer layer
secretes: 
mineral corticoids (aldosterone)
glucocorticoids (cortisol)
androgens 
results:
-stimulate Na+ reabsorption, K+ secretion in kidneys
-catabolism of fats and proteins, raises blood glucose, stress response
-promotes sex drive
31
Q

medulla-
the meaning?
what does it secrete?
results?

A

inner core

secretes: epinephrine and norepinephrine
results: increased heart rate, mobilization of energy sources

32
Q

pancreas structure

A

structure: exocrine and endocrine glands below stomach
exocrine cells-acinar cells
endocrine cells-islets of langerhans

33
Q

exocrine cells function

A

secrete enzymes to GI tract

34
Q

endocrine cells

A

alpha cells
beta cells
delta cells
F cells

35
Q

-alpha cells-
secretes?
results?

A

alpha cells

secrete: glucagon
results: raises blood glucose
- - glycogenolysis
- - gluconeogenesis

36
Q

-beta cells-
secretes?
results?

A

beta cells

secrete: insulin
results: lowers blood glucose/ promotes energy storage

37
Q

-delta cells-
secretes?
results?

A

delta cells

secrete: somatostatin
results: inhibits secretion of pancreatic hormone

38
Q

-F Cells-
secrete?
results?

A

F cells

secrete: pancreatic polypeptide
results: inhibits pancreatic exocrine secretions

39
Q

Testes

secrete, results

A

testes: males
secrete: androgens
result: sperm production, sex drive, secondary sex characteristics

40
Q

Ovaries

secrete, results

A

ovaries: female
secrete: estrogens
result: follicular development, secondary sex characteristics

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (1 decks)

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