Endocrine System

Question 1

peptide hormone

Answer 1

Synthesized in the rough ER and modified in the Golgi. Hydrophilic and are made up of amino acids. Bind to receptors on the cell surface. Affect target cell via second messenger pathways.

Question 2

steroid hormone

Answer 2

Synthesized from cholesterol in the smooth ER. Hydrophobic and bind to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus. Bind to DNA to alter transcription.

Question 3

tropic hormone

Answer 3

Hormones that regulate other hormones.

Question 4

hypothalmus

Answer 4

portion of the brain the controls the endocrine system by releasing tropic hormones that regulate other tropic hormones called releasing and inhibiting factors.

Question 5

anterior pituitary

Answer 5

controlled by releasing and inhibiting factors of the hypothalamus.

Question 6

posterior pituitary

Answer 6

composed of axons which descend from the hypothalamus.

Question 7

thyroid hormone

Answer 7

produced from the amino acid tyrosine. Works to increase metabolic rate and body temperature and to stimulate growth in children.

Question 8

growth hormone

Answer 8

anterior pituitary; (peptide)
Increase bone and muscle growth
Increase cell turnover rate

Question 9

prolactin

Answer 9

anterior pituitary; (peptide)

mammary gland/milk production

Question 10

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer 10

anterior pituitary; tropic (peptide)

Increase growth and secretory activity of adrenal cortex

Question 11

thyroid stimulating hormone

Answer 11

anterior pituitary; tropic (peptide)

Increase synthesis and release of thyroid hormone

Question 12

luteinizing hormone

Answer 12

anterior pituitary; gonadotropic (peptide)

ovary/ovulation, testes/testosterone synthesis

Question 13

follicle stimulating hormone

Answer 13

anterior pituitary; gonadotropic (peptide)

ovary/follicle development, testes/spermatogenesis

Question 14

antidiuretic hormone

Answer 14

posterior pituitary; (peptide)

kidney/water retention

Question 15

oxytocin

Answer 15

posterior pituitary; (peptide)

breast/milk letdown, uterus/contraction

Question 16

calcitonin

Answer 16

thyroid C cells; (peptide)

bone, kidney; lowers serum {Ca2+}

Question 17

parathyroid hormone

Answer 17

parathyroid; (peptide)

bone, kidney, small intestine; raises serum {Ca2+}

Question 18

thymosin

Answer 18

thymus; (peptide)

T cell development during childhood

Question 19

epinephrine

Answer 19

adrenal medulla; (modified amino acid)

sympathetic stress response

Question 20

cortisol

Answer 20

adrenal cortex; (steroid)
Longer-tern stress response
Increase blood/glucose
Increase protein catabolism
Decrease inflammation and immunity

Question 21

aldosterone

Answer 21

adrenal cortex; (steroid)

kidney; increase Na2+ reabsorption to increase blood pressure

Question 22

insulin

Answer 22

pancreas; beta cells secrete (peptide)
Decrease blood/glucose
Increase glycogen and fat storage

Question 23

glucagon

Answer 23

pancreas; alpha cells secrete (peptide)
Increase blood/glucose
Decrease glycogen and fat storage

Question 24

somatostatin

Answer 24

pancreas; gamma cells secrete (peptide)

inhibits digestion

Question 25

testosterone

Answer 25

testes; (steroid)

male characteristics, spermatogenesis

Question 26

estrogen

Answer 26

ovaries; (steroid)

female characteristics, endometrial growth

Question 27

progesterone

Answer 27

ovaries; (steroid)

endometrial secretion, pregnancy

Question 28

atrial natriuretic factor

Answer 28

heart; (peptide)

kidney/ increase urination to decrease blood pressure

Question 29

erthropoietin

Answer 29

kidney: (peptide)

bone marrow/ increase RBC synthesis