endocrine system

Question 1

what does the endocrine system do

Answer 1

• regulates body processes with hormones
• control growth, maturation, reproduction
• responses to stress, dehydration, and levels of glucose

Question 2

hormones

Answer 2

• help maintain dynamic homeostasis
• produced by endocrine glands
• most travel via blood
• some are neurotransmitters

Question 3

3 classes of hormones

Answer 3

• proteins/peptides (water soluble)
• amines (water soluble)
• steroids (water insoluble)

Question 4

3 events of sending a message

Answer 4

• reception (hormone binds to specific receptor on target cell)
• signal transduction (cascade of events that varies b/w water soluble and water insoluble)
• response (change in cell behavior)

Question 5

polar/water soluble

Answer 5

• uses plasma membrane to start signal transduction

- often use secondary messages

Question 6

nonpolar/water insoluble hormones

Answer 6

• hormone diffused through cell membrane and binds to receptor on nuclear membrane or on protein in cytoplasm
• hormone protein complex is gene activator turning genes on

Question 7

hormone fun facts

Answer 7

• minute amounts of hormone have significant influences on target tissues
• 1 hormone can bind to a variety of receptors and many types of cells can respond to 1 hormone

Question 8

antagonistic control of hormones

Answer 8

• the effects of one hormone are often counteracted by an opposing hormone
• feedback mechanisms adjust the balance of the 2 hormones
• ex: insulin decreases blood sugar and glucose increases it

Question 9

hypothalamus

Answer 9

• part of brain just above pituitary
• regulates many physiological activities (ex: temp, food/fluid intake, sleep)
• coordinates nervous and endocrine systems

Question 10

pituitary gland

Answer 10

• aka the master gland
• linked to hypothalamus via neurosecretory cells (nerves that secrete hormones in the blood)
• anterior/posterior parts each release a variety of hormones that do a variety of jobs