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Endocrine System > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical messengers released in the blood and transported throughout the body for

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2
Q

Hormones control…

A

Reproduction
Growth/ development
Immune defenses
Regulating cellular metabolism & energy
Maintaining electrolyte water & nutrient balance of blood

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3
Q

Endocrine

A

Ductless glands

Release hormones to target

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4
Q

Exocrine

A

Duct glands

Release nonhormonal products to membrane surfaces

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5
Q

Three main classes of hormones

A

Amino acid-based hormones
Steroids
Eicosanoids

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6
Q

Amino acid-based hormones

A

Majority of hormones in this group

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7
Q

Steroids

A

Synthesized from cholesterol

Gonadal hormones & Adrenocortical hormones

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8
Q

Eicosanoids

A

Biology active lipids released by nearly all cell membranes

Extremely localized

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9
Q

Two types of eicosanoids

A

Leukotrienes (Signal inflammation)

Prostaglandins (raise blood pressure in control uterine contractions)

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10
Q

Goal of hormones

A

Preserve homeostasis in body

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11
Q

Changes hormones produced in the body

A

Stimulate the synthesis of proteins or other regulatory molecules

Activate or D activate enzymes

Included and secretion activity

Stimulate mitosis

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12
Q

Three factors that determine target cell response

A

Blood levels of hormones

Relative number of receptors

Strength of bond between hormones and receptor

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13
Q

Up regulation

A

Target cells for more receptors in response to rising blood levels

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14
Q

Down regulation

A

Prolonged exposure to high hormone resulting in the loss of receptors and prevention of target cells overreacting

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15
Q

Negative feedback loop

A

Most reactions in the body are this

Hormone levels rise cause target hormone effects and inhibit further hormone release

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16
Q

Positive feedback loops

A

Major events in body example of elation ejaculation childbirth

Build up of hormones triggers a response , triggers more hormone release resulting in explosive event occurring then hormone levels return to normal

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17
Q

Three types of endocrine stimuli

A

Humoral

Hormonal

Neural

18
Q

humoral stimuli

A

Secrete hormones in direct response to changing blood levels of certain ions and nutrients simplest of endocrine control systems

19
Q

Hormonal stimuli

A

Hormones released in response to hormones produced by other endocrine organs promotes rhythmic hormone release

20
Q

Neural stimuli

A

Nerve fibers stimulating hormone release has ability to override endocrine system

21
Q

Pineal gland

A

Location - base of brain
Hormone- melatonin

Synchronize biorhythms and Mark passage of time signaled by photo receptors

Think third shift workers

22
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Location- above pituitary gland

Hormones- dopamine , gonadotropin GnRH, growth hormone GHRH, thyrotropin TRH

Initiates release of other hormones from endocrine organs

23
Q

Pituitary gland (location and parts)

A

Location - base of the brain Pea-sized structure

2 parts anterior- produces and secretes hormones

Posterior-stores hormones

24
Q

Pituitary gland (hormones)

A 
Growth hormone (GH)
Prolactin PRL (mammary glands)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) 
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Gonadotropins (FSH   LH)
25
Q

ACTH

A

Acts on adrenals to release stress control

26
Q

FSH

A

Follicle mature for woman

Sperm production men

27
Q

LH

A

Stimulates progesterone and estrogen in production in woman and testosterone production in men

28
Q

Posterior pituitary gland

A

Oxytocin (OT)- targets uterus for contractions

Anti diuretic hormone (ADH) targets kidneys to reabsorb water

29
Q

Thyroid

A

Location- inferior to larynx

Hormones - thyroid hormone (thyroxine & triodotheroine)

Stimulate metabolism, body heat , and bone growth

NEED IODINE TO WORK

30
Q

Parathyroid

A

Location- superior to heart

Hormone- thymopoietins and thymosis

Large as infant but shrinks

During childhood targets one marrow

31
Q

Pancreas

A

Location- inferior stomach

Hormone- insulin and glucagon

Controls sugar levels

Insulin chases sugar into blood

Glucagon- not eating for a while

32
Q

Ovaries

A

Location- inferior abdomen

Hormones - estrogen and progesterone

Produce eggs

33
Q

Testes

A

Extra abdominal skin pouch

Hormone testosterone

Stimulates sperm production

34
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Attached superiorly to kidney

Hormones - cortisol- make/use energy &a control stress

Androgens- sex hormones

Aldosterone-maintains BP and reabsorption of salts & potassium

NG & EPI & NPI- fight or flight responses

35
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

T3 t4

Inflamed thyroid

Increased metabolism

Can turn into Graves’ disease

36
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

ADH / aldosterone

Hypothalamus

Increase fatigue , lots of urine, dehydration, lost weight

Can become Addison’s disease

37
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

TSH

Pituitary

Tiredness, bad memory, decreased metabolism,

Can become ithashimotus disease

38
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

ACTH

Adrenal glands

Severe fatigue , increased thirst & pee, weak muscles, hump between shoulders anxious , ED

39
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

Insulin

Pancreas

Young person constant hunger and thirst , lots of pee keeps losing weight

40
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Parathyroid hormone

Organ^

New crazy behavior poor appetite kidney stones muscle twitch

41
Q

Galactorrhea

A

Prolactin

Pituitary

Milky white discharge from boobs stopping period lots of headaches

Endocrine System (1 decks)

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