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Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the endocrine system do?

A 
Reproduction 
Growth and development 
Mobilizes body defenses 
Maintains homeostasis 
Regulates metabolism
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2
Q

What are the three ways hormones are activated?

A

Hormonal
Humoral
Neural

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3
Q

What is hormonal activation?

A

Most common

Glands are stimulated by other hormones

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4
Q

What is humoral activation?

A

Indicates fluid such as blood or bile stimulates hormonal release

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5
Q

What is neural activation?

A

When nerve impulse stimulate hormones

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6
Q

What is the pituitary gland?

A

Called master endocrine gland
Hangs from hypothalamus
Has two functional lobes

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7
Q

What are the two functional lobes of the pituitary gland?

A

Anterior and posterior pituitary lobes

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8
Q

What is the anterior pituitary lobe made out of?

A

Glandular tissue

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9
Q

What is the posterior pituitary lobe made out of?

A

Neural tissue

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10
Q

What is human growth hormone? (HGH)

A

General metabolic hormone
Involved in growth of skeletal muscles and long bones
Determines final body size

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11
Q

What is prolactin? (PRL)

A

Helps stimulate and maintain milk production after child birth

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12
Q

What is adrenocorticotrophic hormone? (ACTH)

A

Regulates endocrine activity of adrenal cortex

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13
Q

What is the thyroid stimulating hormone? (TSH)

A

Influences growth and activity of thyroid gland

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14
Q

What are the two divisions of the gonadotrophic hormone? (GH)

A 
Follicle stimulating (FAH) 
Lutenizing (LH)
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15
Q

What does the follicle stimulating hormone do in both male and females?

A

Stimulate follicle development in ovaries

Stimulates perm development in testes

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16
Q

What does the lutenizing hormone do in both male and females?

A

Triggers ovulation

Stimulates testosterone production

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17
Q

What hormones does the posterior pituitary gland secrete?

A

Oxytocin and anti diuretic

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18
Q

What does the posterior pituitary gland do?

A

Acts as a storage facility for hormones made in hypothalamus

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19
Q

What does the hormone oxytocin do?

A

Promotes uterus contractions during labor, sex and breast feeding
Also cause milk ejection in breast feeding women

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20
Q

What does the hormone antidiuretic do?

A

Inhibits urine production

Promotes water absorption

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21
Q

What is the thyroid gland?

A

Located at base of throat and and secretes two hormones

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22
Q

What are the two hormones of the thyroid gland?

A

Thyroid hormone and calcitonin

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23
Q

What is the thyroid hormone?

A

Major metabolic hormone
Controls rate where glucose is burned
Tissue of growth and development
Contains T3 and T4

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24
Q

What is T3?

A

Triodothyronine

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25
What is T4?
Thyroxine
26
What is goiters?
Enlargement of thyroid gland due to lack of iodine
27
What is cretinism?
Cause by hypo secretion of T4 | Results in childhood dwarfism
28
What is myxedema?
Hypothyroidism in adults | Causes weight gain
29
What is Graves' disease?
Hyperthyroidism | Rapid weight loss
30
What is calcitonin?
Decrease blood calcium levels by depositing excessive calcium in bones
31
What is the parathyroid gland?
Stimulates osteoclasts | Stimulates kidneys and intestines
32
What are pancreatic islets?
Endocrine and exocrine function | Two antagonist hormones
33
What is insulin?
Released when blood glucose levels are high | Increased rate of glucose uptake and metabolism by body cells
34
What is glucagon?
Released when blood glucose levels are decreased | Stimulates liver to release glucose into blood
35
What is diabetes mellitus?
Blood sugar levels increase dramatically | Glucose is spilled out in the urine
36
What is type one diabetes?
Does not produce insulin and are insulin DEpendent
37
What is type two diabetes?
Adult onset caused by obesity
38
What is Gestational diabetes?
Diabetes triggered by pregnancy
39
What is the pineal gland?
Located posterior to 3rd ventricle of brain
40
What does melatonin do?
Establish body sleep and wake cycle
41
What is the thymus gland?
Posterior to sternum | Largest in infants and gets smaller as you get older
42
What is thymosin?
Help immune system develop | Help white blood cells mature
43
What are the gonads in males and females?
Female is ovaries and males is testes
44
What is estrogen?
Reproductive organs mature | Help produce secondary sex characteristics (breasts, hips)
45
What is progesterone?
Help promotes breast development Regulate menstrual cycle Helps embryo attach into the uterus Prepare breasts for lactation
46
What is testosterone?
Required for sperm production Promotes growth and maturation of reproductive cycles Secondary sex characteristics (hair, voice)
47
What is the endocrine system?
Second controlling center of body
48
What is the hormone that regulates development of T cells?
Thyroid hormone
49
What triggers ovulation and hormone production by ovaries and promotes testosterone production in testes?
Lutenizing hormone
50
What controls calcium balance in the blood and targets bones?
Calcitonin
51
What stimulates ovarian follicle in ovaries and stimulates testes to develop sperm?
Follicle stimulating hormone
52
What targets adrenal cortex to release hormones?
Adrenocorticotrophic
53
Stimulates thyroid gland to release thyroid hormone?
Thyroid stimulating hormone
54
Increases metabolism and targets nearly every cell in the body?
Parathyroid hormone
55
What remotes maturation of the male reproductive organs, causes appearance of the secondary sex characteristics, promotes normal sperm development?
Testosterone
56
Increase glucose into the blood and targets the liver
Insulin
57
What helps with regulating sleep cycle?
Melatonin
58
What targets the pituitary gland via nerves and blood flow?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
59
What helps to decrease glucose in the blood and targets the liver and tissue cells?
Glucagon
60
What helps to target muscle, bone and other tissue to grow?
Human growth hormone
61
What helps resist stressors by helping to regulate glucose?
Cortisol
62
What helps stimulate uterine contraction in labor and intimates milk ejection in breasts?
Oxytocin
63
What stimulates kidneys to reabsorb water?
Antidiuretic hormone
64
What plays a role in sexual development and sex drive?
Androgens
65
What promotes lactation in breast?
Prolactin
66
What promotes maturation of the female reproductive organs, promote breast development, promote cyclic change in the uterus?
Estrogens and progesterone
67
Regulates sodium and potassium
Aldosterone

Endocrine System (1 decks)

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