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Endocrine System > Endocrine system > Flashcards

Endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

Homeostasis

A

Processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment

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2
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands directly into the bloodstream

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3
Q

Chemical Messengers

A

Regulating activities of specific cells, organs, or both

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4
Q

Endocrine Glands

A
  • Do not have ducts
  • Secretions go through ducts
  • Organized groups if tissues: Use material from blood or lymph to make hormones
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5
Q

Primary Functions

A

To produce hormones that work together to maintain homeostasis

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6
Q

Pituary Gland (Hypophysis)

A
  • Master gland: influence on body’s activities
  • Size (pea to grape)
  • Located at the base of brain
  • Connected to hypothalamus
  • 2 lobes: anterior & posterior
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7
Q

Anterior Pituitary Lobe Hormones

A
  • Growth hormone (GH) (somatotropin)
  • Growth & development: bone & muscle
  • Helps fat to be used for energy
  • Saves glucose
  • Helps maintain blood sugar levels
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8
Q

Prolactin Hormone (PR)

A
  • AKA Lactigenichormone (LTH)
  • Develops breast tissue
  • Stimulates and maintains production of milk after childbirth
  • function in males is unknown
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9
Q

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

A

Stimulates growth and secretion in thyroid gland

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10
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

A

Stimulates the growth and secretion of the adrenal cortex

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11
Q

Follicule-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

A
  • In ovaries:
  • Stimulates the growth of the graafian follicule: mature ovarian vesicles that ruptures during ovulation to release the ovum (egg)
  • Stimulates the production of estrogen
  • Growth of ova (eggs)
  • In testicles:
  • stimulates the production of sperm
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12
Q

Liteinizing Hormone (LH)

A
  • Stimulates ovulation: growth of graafian follicule
  • production of estrogen
  • Production of corpus lutem: yellow mass if cells formed after ovulation that produce progesterone
  • LH in males may be called interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH)
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13
Q

Interstitial Cell-Stimulating Hormone (ICSH)

A
  • Necessary for the production of testosterone by the interstitial cells of testes
  • ICSH in females may be called lutenizing hormone (LH)
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14
Q

Intermediate Pitituary Lobe Hormone

A
  • Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
  • Increase the production of melanin in melanocytes
  • Causes darkening of skin pigment
  • MSH production usually increases during pregnancy
  • Intermediate Pitituary not truly a lobe
  • Cells dispursed along border of anterior and posterior lobes
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15
Q

Posterior Pituitary Lobe

A
  • Storage of hormones produced by the hypothalamus
  • Body Temp
  • Thirst
  • Hunger
  • Sleep and circadian rhythm
  • Moods
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16
Q

Posterior pituitary lobe hormones

A
  • Vasopressin
  • Converts to anti diuretic hormone (ADH) in bloodstream
  • ADH maintains water balance by increasing absorption of water in kidney tubes
  • Medications such as as diuretics inhibit action of ADH
  • Increases urinary output and decreases blood volume
  • Decreases BP
17
Q

Oxytocin (OXT)

A
  • Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth
  • After childbirth:
    • helps control postnatal hemorrhage
    • Stimulates flow of milk from mammary glands
  • Pitocin: synthetic form of oxytocin
    • induce labor
    • Make uterine contractions stronger (speed up labor)
18
Q

Thyroid Gland

A
  • Butterfly shaped mass of tissue located in the anterior part of the neck
  • Functions & secretions:
    • Regulates metabolism
    • Processes involved in the body’s use of nutrients, including the rate at which they are used.
  • Secretions:
  • influence growth
  • functioning if the nervous system
19
Q

Parathyroid Glands

A
  • Attached to the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
    • 4 each the size of a grain of rice
  • Function
    • Regulate calcium levels
    • Allows smooth functioning of muscular and nervous systems
20
Q

Thymus Gland

A
  • Located under the sternum
  • Large during childbirth
  • function
    • Secretes a hormone (thymosin)
    • Plays important part in immune system by stimulating maturation of T cells
21
Q

Adrenal Glands

A
  • Located at the top of each kidney
    • 2 adrenal glands
  • Function:
  • control electrolyte levels
  • Help regulate metabolism
  • Interacts with sympathetic nervous system in response to stress
22
Q

Medulla of Adrenal Gland Hormones

A
  • Epinephrine (adrenaline)
  • Powerful cardiac stimulant
    • increases the force and rate of the heartbeat
    • increases cardiac output
    • Raises systolic BP
  • Nonepinephrine
    • Raises systolic and diastolic BP
23
Q

Gonads

A
  • Secrete hormones responsible for development and maintenance
  • Of secondary sex characteristics that develop during puberty
  • Features that may distinguish males from females
  • Not directly related to reproduction
24
Q

Gonads Hormones

A
  • Ovaries:
  • Estrogen
  • Stimulates the development of the reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics
  • Breast development
  • Pubic and axillary hair
  • Progesterone:
  • Works with estrogen to build up uterine lining
  • Testes:
  • Development of male reproductive organs
  • Influences growth of beard and body hair, deepening of voice, increased in masculature, & production of sperm
25
Q

Pancreas

A
  • Part of both the digestive and endocrine systems
  • Pancreatic islets:
  • Control blood sugar levels
  • Glucose metabolism
26
Q

Pineal Gland

A
  • Small pine-cone shaped organ attached to the roof of the third ventricle in the brain
  • Function:
  • Secretions influence sleep-wakefulness cycle
27
Q

Adren/o

A

Adrenal

28
Q

Thyr/o

A

Thyroid

29
Q

Acro/o

A

Extremities

30
Q

Crin/o

A

Secrete

31
Q

Glyc/o

A

Sugar

32
Q

Somat/o

A

Body

33
Q

Poly-

A

Many

34
Q

-ism

A

State of

35
Q

-urea

A

Urine

Endocrine System (1 decks)

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