Endocrine System

Question 0

Anterior pituitary/posterior pituitary stores the hormone secreted by the hypothalamus.

Answer 0

The posterior pituitary stores the hormone secreted by the hypothalamus.

Question 1

Which structures has only an endocrine function?

Answer 1

The thyroid gland, adrenal cortex, and adrenal medulla

Question 2

Thymosin/Thyroxine causes an increase in the basal metabolic rate.

Answer 2

Thyroxine causes an increase in the basic metabolic rate.

Question 3

With respect to regulation of blood Ca2+, which two hormones are antagonists?

Answer 3

Calcitonin decreases calcium in blood, and parathyroid hormone increases calcium in blood.

Question 4

Thyroid hormone is the antagonist of calcitonin. True or false?

Answer 4

False. The parathyroid hormone is the antagonist of calcitonin.

Question 5

Prolactin/estrogen/oxytocin/aldosterone does not have an effect on the breasts.

Answer 5

Aldosterone does not have an effect on the breasts.

Question 6

Calcitonin can lower blood levels of Ca2+ by promoting/inhibiting bone resorption by osteoclasts.

Answer 6

Inhibiting.

Question 7

Alpha/beta cells secrete glucagon which acts on liver/pancreas cells (target cells) and raises/lowers blood glucose level. The secretion of glucagon is inhibited by high/low blood glucose levels.

Answer 7

Alpha cells secrete glucagon, which acts on liver cells and raises blood glucose level. The secretion of glucagon is inhibited by high blood glucose levels.

Question 8

Alpha/beta cells secrete insulin, which raises/lowers blood glucose level. It increases/decreases glucose uptake by cells. The secretion of insulin is inhibited by high/low blood levels.

Answer 8

Beta cells secrete insulin, which lowers blood glucose level. It increases glucose uptake by cells. The secretion of insulin is inhibited by low blood glucose levels.

Question 9

All of the following hormones program T lymphocytes except thymosin/thymopoeitin/thymic factor/thyroxine.

Answer 9

Thyroxine.

Question 10

What causes depression of inflammation and depresses immune responses?

Answer 10

Glucocorticoids.

Question 11

Somatic/sympathetic/parasympathetic nervous system effects the secretion of hormones from the adrenal medulla.

Answer 11

Sympathetic.

Question 12

Epinephrine and norepinephrine intensify the flight or fight response/rest and digest response.

Answer 12

Flight or fight response.

Question 13

List four effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Answer 13

1) increased heart rate
2) increased blood pressure
3) dilated airways to the lungs
4) increased blood flow to the heart.

Question 14

Hormone affects only specific target cells with receptors bind and recognize that specific hormone.
True or false?

Answer 14

True.

Question 15

Hormones may affect the cells that do not have receptors for them. True or false?

Answer 15

False.

Question 16

Cells have receptors for only one type of hormone. True or false?

Answer 16

False.

Question 17

When one hormone opposes the actions of another hormone, the two hormones are said to have synergistic/antagonistic effect.

Answer 17

Antagonistic.

Question 18

When the effect of two hormones acting together is greater than the effect of each hormone acting alone the two hormones are said to have synergistic/antagonistic effects.

Answer 18

Synergistic.

Question 19

Diagram question: describe and locate the pineal gland.

Answer 19

The pineal gland sort of resembles a small heart and is located in the center of the brain above the pituitary gland.

Question 20

Diagram question: describe in locate the pituitary gland.

Answer 20

The pituitary gland sort of resembles a pair of testes or cherries and is located below the pineal gland just behind the eyes in the brain.

Question 21

Diagram question: describe and locate the thymus.

Answer 21

The finest is a structure located directly above the heart in the sternum resembling a mom and baby turnip hugging.

Question 22

Diagram question: describe and locate the pancreas.

Answer 22

The pancreas is located just below the heart next to the adrenal cortex, and it looks like a seashell chocolate.

Question 23

Diagram question: describe and locate the ovary.

Answer 23

The ovaries are small almond shaped organs at the end of the fallopian tubes just outside of the uterus. Directly below the pancreas and found in females only.

Question 24

Diagram question: describe and locate the adrenal medulla.

Answer 24

The adrenal medulla is located in the center of the adrenal cortex. It can be compared to a filling inside a meringue or cupcake.

Question 25

Diagram question: describe and locate the adrenal cortex.

Answer 25

The adrenal cortex is located just next to the pancreas on the right side, and sort of resembles poop.

Question 26

Diagram question: describe him locate the parathyroid gland.

Answer 26

The parathyroid gland is located in the throat. The difference between the parathyroid gland in the thyroid gland is that the parathyroid gland is not fully enclosed there is a gap.

Question 27

Diagram question: described and locate the thyroid gland.

Answer 27

The thyroid gland is located in the throat as well however it does not appear to have an opening. On a diagram it will most likely appear above the parathyroid gland. Watch for the gap to tell the difference between thyroid and parathyroid.

Question 28

The anterior pituitary gland produces which hormones?

Answer 28

The anterior pituitary gland produces growth hormone and prolactin.

Question 29

The hypothalamus produces which hormones?

Answer 29

Antidiuretic hormone ADH, and oxytocin.

Question 30

The pineal gland produces which hormone?

Answer 30

Melatonin.

Question 31

Epinephrine/Cortisol is related to short-term stress responses.

Answer 31

Epinephrine is related to short-term stress responses.

Question 32

Epinephrine/cortisol is related to long term stress responses.

Answer 32

Cortisol.

Question 33

Hypersecretion/hyposecretion: inadequate release of hormones.

Answer 33

Hyposecretion: inadequate release of a hormone.

Question 34

Hypersecretion/hyposecretion: excessive release of a hormone.

Answer 34

Hypersecretion: excessive release of hormones.

Question 35

Diabetes mellitus is related to which hormone disorder?

Answer 35

Diabetes mellitus is related to hyposecretion of insulin.

Question 36

Diabetes insipidus is related to which hormone disorder?

Answer 36

Hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone ADH.

Question 37

Graves’ disease is related to which hormone disorder?

Answer 37

Hypersecretion of thyroid stimulating hormone TSH.

Question 38

Cushing’s syndrome is related to which hormone disorder?

Answer 38

Hypersecretion of cortisol.

Question 39

Seasonal affective disorder or is related to which hormone issue?

Answer 39

Hyper secretion of melatonin.

Question 40

Congenital hypothyroidism is a byproduct of which disorder?

Answer 40

Hypo secretion of thyroid hormone.

Question 41

What does melatonin do and where does it come from?

Answer 41

Melatonin comes from the pineal gland (in the center of the brain above the hypothalamus) and it’s purpose is to set the body’s biological clock.

Question 42

What does thyroid hormone do and where does it come from?

Answer 42

Thyroid hormone (also known as thyroxine and trilodothyroxine), is located in the thyroid gland (in the throat) and helps regulate oxygen use, basal metabolic rate, cellular metabolism, growth and development.

Question 43

What is the parathyroid hormone in where does it come from?

Answer 43

The parathyroid hormone (PTH), comes from the parathyroid gland (located in the throat), and helps increase blood calcium and magnesium levels; decrease blood phosphate levels.