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Chapter 16 A&P > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What does growth hormone (GH) do? How does it have an effect?

A

Stimulates bone and muscle growth through IGF’s. Has Anti-insulin effects-this means GH will increase blood glucose levels

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2
Q

What hormones are released from the hypothalamus?

A

GH,TSH,ACTH,FSH,LH&ICSH, and PRL

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3
Q

How does PTH increase blood calcium levels?

A

Breaks down bone, increase Ca+ absorption in small intestine, increase Ca+ reabsorption at kidneys

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4
Q

What is synergism?

A

2 hormones having the same effect

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5
Q

What is Antagonism?

A

2 hormones having the opposite effect

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6
Q

What is Permissiveness?

A

1 hormone is needed for another hormone to have an effect

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7
Q

Name the tropic hormones

A

TSH ACTH FSH LH

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8
Q

Hormones are systemic. T or F

A

TRUE

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9
Q

Amino acids have to be bound to protein and are fat soluable. T or F

A

False. Amino acids are water soluable and can be transported freely in blood

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10
Q

What does alpha & beta mean in the endorcrine system?

A

Alpha-glucagon

Beta-insulin

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11
Q

The posterior pituitary regulates which 2 hormones?

A

Oxytocin & Anti-diuretic hormone(ADH)

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12
Q

Prolactin secretes the mothers milk. T or F

A

False. PROlactin PROduces the milk. Oxytocin secretes the milk

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13
Q

What is the function of the ADH?

A

reabsorp water from kidneys-this prevents dehydration

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14
Q

What is a tropic hormone?

A

A hormone that acts on other endocrine glands

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15
Q

What are amino acid based hormones?

A

act indirectly through second messengers, have receptors on the cell membrane, transported freely in blood

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16
Q

What are steroid hormones?

A

Hormones that directly activate the genes or DNA, have intracellular receptors, have to be bound to a protein to be transported in the blood

17
Q

Thyroid hormone acts like a steroid. T or F

A

True. Thyroid hormone stimulates production of T3 & T4

18
Q

What is the hypophyseal portal system?

A

a set of vessels (arteries and capillaries) that carry blood and regulatory hormones from the hypothalamus to the adenohypophysis, where the target cells of the releasing hormones are located

19
Q

What is the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract?

A

a tract of unmyelinated nerves connecting the hypothalamus and the hypophysis

20
Q

How are hormones removed from the body?

A

enzymes, liver enzymes, excreted in the urine

21
Q

Humoral stimulation

A

Hormones released in response to ions (Na+,Ca+,K+) or nutrients(glucose)

22
Q

Neural stimulation

A

Hormones released in response to nervous stimulation(sympathetic stimulating the adrenal medulla to release norepinephrine)

23
Q

Hormonal stimulation

A

one hormone stimulates the release of another hormone (TSH from the anterior pit stimulates the rlease of T3 T4 from thyroid

24
Q

The nervous system can override the endocrine system. T or F.

A

True

25
Q

What are the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) hormones and how are they regulated?

A

GH,TSH,ACTH,FSH,LH & ICSH(males), PRL and all regulated by the hypothalamus

26
Q

When do you get insulin/glucagon release?

A

Insulin-produced by BETA cells when blood glucose is high in islets of Langerhans
Glucagon- produced by ALPHA cells when blood glucose is low in Islets of Langerhans

27
Q

Calcitonin/PTH

A

Calcitonin is produced by Parafollicular cells when blood ca+ is too HIGH.
PTH increase Ca+ by breaking down bone, increase Ca+ absorption small intestine, and reabsorption in kidneys

28
Q

UP/DOWN regulation

A

UP regulation is Positive feedback-high levels of hormones stimulate PRODUCTION of more receptors
DOWN regulation is Negative feedback-high levels of hormones cause a REDUCTION of receptors

29
Q

Define hormone

A

a chemical substance secreted by cells in extracellular fluids into bloodstream

30
Q

What does Aldosterone do?

A

Produced in Zone Glomerulosa. Increase sodium levels by reabsorbing at the kidneys

31
Q

What kind of hormone is aldosterone and cortisol?

A

Corticosteroids

32
Q

Which hormones are steroid based?

A

gonadal, adrenocortical

33
Q

Corticosteroids are produced in the zones of the adrenal cortex. T or F

A

TRUE

34
Q

ADH and OXYTOCIN

A

ADH(antidiuretic hormone) reabsorb water from kidneys, Oxytocin-causes uterine contractions and milk let down

35
Q

What type of tissue is anterior/posterior pituitary?

A

Anterior-gladular

Posterior- neural

Chapter 16 A&P (1 decks)

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