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ANA PHY LAB > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q
  • contribute to the setting of the body’s biological clock, controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus
  • increased secretion during darkness
  • promotes sleepiness
A

melatonin

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2
Q
  • synthesize & secrete insulin-like growth factors
  • promote growth of body cells, protein synthesis, tissue repair, lipolysis, and evaluation of blood glucose concentration
  • target tissues: liver, muscles, cartilage, bone, and other tissues
A

Human Growth Hormone or Somatotropin

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3
Q
  • stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones by thyroid gland
  • Target tissues: thyroid gland
A

thyroid-stimulating hormone/thyrotropin

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4
Q
  • female - initiates development of oocytes & induces ovarian secretion of estrogens
  • males - stimulates testes to produce sperm
  • Target tissues: ovaries or testis
A

follicle-stimulating hormone

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5
Q
  • females - stimulates secretion of estrogens and progesterone, ovulation, and formation of corpus luteum
  • males - stimulates testes to produce testosterone
  • Target tissues: ovaries or testis
A

luteinizing hormone

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6
Q
  • together with other hormones, promotes milk production by mammary glands
  • Target tissues: mammary glands
A

prolactin

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7
Q
  • stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids (mainly cortisol) by adrenal cortex
  • Target tissues: adrenal cortex
A

adrenocorticotropic hormone/corticotropin

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8
Q
  • exact role in humans is unknown but may influence brain activity; when present in excess, can cause darkening of skin
  • Target tissues: brain
A

melanocyte-stimulating hormone

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9
Q
  • stimulates contraction of smooth muscle cells of uterus during childbirth
  • stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cells in mammary glands to cause milk ejection
  • Target tissues: uterus & mammary glands
A

oxytocin

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10
Q
  • conserves body water by decreasing urine volume
  • decreases water loss through perspiration
  • raises blood pressure by constricting arterioles
  • Target tissues: kidneys, sudoriferous/sweat glands, arterioles
A

antidiuretic hormone/vasopressin

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11
Q
  • increase basal metabolic rate; stimulate synthesis of proteins
  • increase use of glucose and fatty acids for ATP production
  • increase lipolysis; enhance cholesterol excretion
  • accelerate body growth
  • contribute to development of nervous system
A

T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine)

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12
Q
  • lowers blood levels of Ca2 and HPO42 by inhibiting bone resorption by osteoclasts and by accelerating uptake of calcium and phosphates into bone extracellular matrix
A

calcitonin

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13
Q
  • increases blood Ca2 and Mg2 levels and decreases blood HPO42
  • increases bone resorption by osteoclasts
  • increases Ca2 reabsorption and HPO42 excretion by kidneys
  • promotes formation of calcitriol (active form of vit. D), which increases rate of dietary Ca2 and Mg2 absorption
A

Parathyroid hormone

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14
Q
  • increase blood levels of Na and water
  • decrease blood level of K
A

mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

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15
Q
  • increase protein breakdown (except in liver), stimulate gluconeogenesis and lipolysis, provide resistance to stress, dampen inflammation, depress immune responses
A

glucocorticoids (cortisol)

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16
Q
  • assist in early growth of axillary and pubic hair in both sexes
  • in females, contribute to libido and are source of estrogen after menopause
A

androgens (dehydroepiandrosterone)

17
Q
  • raises blood glucose level by accelerating breakdown of glycogen into glucose in liver (glycogenolysis), converting other nutrients into glucose in liver (gluconeogenesis), and releasing glucose into blood
A

glucagon

18
Q
  • lowers blood glucose level by accelerating transport of glucose into cells, converting glucose intro glycogen (glycogenesis), and decreasing glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
A

insulin

19
Q
  • inhibits secretion of insulin and glucagon
  • slows absorption of nutrients from gastrointestinal tract
A

somatostatin

20
Q
  • inhibits somatostatin secretion, gallbladder contraction and secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes
A

pancreatic polypeptide

21
Q

Together with gonadotropic hormones of anterior pituitary, regulate female reproductive cycle, maintain pregnancy, prepare mammary glands for lactation, and promote development and maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics

A

estrogen and progesterone

22
Q
  • Increases flexibility of pubic symphysis during pregnancy
  • Helps dilate uterine cervix during labor and delivery
A

relaxin

23
Q

Inhibits secretion of FSH from anterior pituitary

A

inhibin

24
Q
  • Stimulates descent of testes before birth; regulates sperm production
  • Promotes development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics
A

Testosterone

25
Q

Inhibits secretion of FSH from anterior pituitary

A

Inhibin

ANA PHY LAB (5 decks)

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