Endocrine system Flashcards
what are the two systems of internal communication and regulation?
The nervous system and the endocrine system.
Nervous system function
The nervous and endocrine systems regulate an animal’s physiology both individually and together, controlling processes like metabolism, growth, and response to stimuli.
How do the endocrine and nervous systems function together?
The endocrine and nervous systems work together to maintain homeostasis and regulate development and reproduction in the organism.
What does the nervous system do?
The nervous system conveys high-speed electrical signals along specialized cells called neurons.
What does the endocrine system do?
The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones, which coordinate slower but longer-acting responses to stimuli.
What is an animal hormone and how does it work?
An animal hormone is a regulatory chemical signal secreted into the circulatory system. It travels throughout the body, but only target cells with specific receptors respond to the hormone.
Can a single hormone produce different responses in different cells?
Yes, a single hormone can produce different responses in different cells. Cells can have receptors for more than one type of hormone, and each hormone can trigger a different reaction pathway within the cell.
How does epinephrine affect the body’s response to stress?
Epinephrine has multiple different effects on the body’s response to stress, depending on which cell receives it. For example, it may increase heart rate in heart cells and stimulate glucose release from the liver in liver cells.
How do hormones maintain homeostasis in the body?
Hormones maintain homeostasis through negative feedback loops, where the response to a stimulus helps regulate and return the system to its normal state. This feedback mechanism ensures that the body’s conditions remain stable.
How do hormones maintain homeostasis in the body?
Hormones maintain homeostasis through negative feedback loops, where the response to a stimulus helps regulate and return the system to its normal state. This feedback mechanism ensures that the body’s conditions remain stable.
Q: What are the two types of hormones in vertebrates, and how are they classified?
A: Vertebrate hormones are classified into two types:
-Amino acid (peptide) hormones – Water-soluble.
-Cholesterol (steroid) hormones – Lipid-soluble.
How do steroid hormones work within a cell?
Steroid hormones pass through the cell membrane, bind to receptors in the cytoplasm, and the hormone-receptor complex enters the nucleus to turn on the transcription of a specific gene.
What happens after a steroid hormone activates gene transcription?
The transcribed gene is translated into proteins that help the body respond and correct the imbalance, restoring disrupted homeostasis.
Q: How do peptide hormones affect a cell since they cannot pass through the cell membrane?
A: Peptide hormones bind to a receptor on the cell membrane, triggering a response inside the cell.
Q: What does the hormone-receptor complex activate in the cell?
A: It activates a G-protein, a membrane-bound protein that waits for a hormone to bind.
