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General Physiology LEC > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Second messenger system of the body.

Composed of endocrine glands and specialized endocrine cells

A

Endocrine system

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2
Q

Uses chemical messages (hormones) that are released into the blood

A

Endocrine system

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3
Q

Endo = ?

A

within

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4
Q

Krino = ?

A

secrete

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5
Q

Cells secrete hormones into _______ fluids

A

Extracellular fluids

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6
Q

____ transfers hormones to target sites

A

Blood

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7
Q

It regulates almost every physiological process in our body

A

Hormones

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8
Q

These are produced by specialized cells

A

Hormones

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9
Q

glands that secrete their product directly into the blood stream

A

endocrine glands

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10
Q

inside the cell

A

intracellular

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11
Q

cell to cell

A

intercellular

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12
Q

it is secreted into environment and modify behavior and physiology of other individual in same species.

A

Pheromones

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13
Q

secreted into the blood and bind to receptor sites

A

hormones and neurohormones

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14
Q

components of hormones

A
  • receptor site
  • target tissues
  • specificity
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15
Q

Location in a cell where hormone binds

A

Receptor site

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16
Q

Group of cell that respond to specific hormones

A

Target tissues

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17
Q

Specific hormone binds to specific receptor site

A

Specificity

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18
Q

2 types of hormones

A
  • water soluble
  • lipid soluble
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19
Q

Most common type of hormone

A

water soluble

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20
Q

Nonpolar type of hormones

A

lipid soluble

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21
Q

examples of water soluble hormones

A

growth hormones, antidiuretic, prolactin

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22
Q

examples of lipid-soluble hormones

A

steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, and fatty acids

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23
Q

key characteristics of lipid-soluble hormones

A
  • one pathways
  • target nucleus/nuclear receptors
  • produces mRNA
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24
Q

3 stimulatory influences on hormone secretion

A
  1. humoral stimuli
  2. neural stimuli
  3. hormonal stimuli
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25
blood-borne chemicals, what type of stimuli?
humoral stimuli
26
this stimuli following action potentials, neurons release a neurotransmitter into the synapse with the cells that produce the hormone
Neural stimuli
27
occurs when a hormone is secreted that, in turn, stimulates the secretion of other hormones
Hormonal stimuli
28
3 inhibitory influences on hormone secretion
- humoral stimuli - neural stimuli - hormonal stimuli
29
this hormone, opposes those of the secreted hormone and counteract the secreted hormone's action
companion hormone
30
"self limiting system". Inhibits or decreases secretion of the hormones
negative feedback
31
"self propagating system". It increases secretion of the hormone
positive feedback
32
this gland is controlled by the hypothalamus, a small gland in brain
pituitary gland
33
known as the "master gland"
pituitary gland
34
this gland releases growth hormones
pituitary gland
35
excess GH
gigantism
36
too little GH
dwarfism
37
This hormones stimulates the growth of bones, muscles and other organs by increasing gene expression
Growth hormones
38
pituitary gland secretes (3)
Anterior 1. growth hormones 2. thyroid-stimulating hormones 3. gonadotropins - follicle-stimulating hormones 4. prolactin Posterior 1. antidiuretic hormone 2. oxytocin
39
this hormone regulates thyroid gland secretion
thyroid-stimulating hormones
40
Lack of ADH
diabetes insipidus
41
target tissue of oxytocin
uterus
42
target tissue of antidiuretic hormone
kidneys
43
this increases uterine contraction during labor
oxytocin
44
one of the largest gland and requires iodine to function
thyroid gland
45
this regulates the rate of metabolism in the body
thyroid gland
46
fast metabolism
hyperthyroidism
47
slow metabolism; gain weight
hypothyroidism
48
this prevents elevates blood calcium levels
calcitonin
49
calcitonin is secreted by what gland
thyroid gland
50
this is embedded in the posterior of the thyroid gland
parathyroid gland
51
this increases calcium to normal level
parathyroid hormone
52
high rate of PTH (parathyroid hormone)
hyperparathyroidism
53
What hormone does the adrenal medulla release?
Epinephrine / Norepinephrine
54
this hormone increases heart rate, increases breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver
epinephrine / norepinephrine
55
what hormone does adrenal cortex release?
1. aldosterone 2. cortisol 3. androgen
56
This hormones targets kidneys, intestine, sweat gland
aldosterone
57
this hormone causes Na+ and water to be retained in the body
aldosterone
58
this hormone increases breakdown of fat and protein for energy use.
cortisol
59
a gland that islets of langerhans secretes the hormones into the blood (insulin and glucagon)
pancreas
60
this hormone targets the tissues: liver, adipose tissue, muscles and functions to keep blood sugar level from getting too high
insulin
61
this hormone targets the liver and functions to increase blood glucose levels
glucagon
62
these gland/organs secrete sex hormones
reproductive organs
63
releases testosterone
testes
64
releases estrogen and progesterone, and prostaglandins
ovaries
65
this functions for growth and development of the male reproductive structure and male sexual drive
testosterone
66
this hormone is for development and function of female reproductive structures and sexual characteristics
estrogen and progesterone
67
this hormones mediates inflammatory response
prostaglandins
68
this gland is important in the function of the immune system
thymus gland
69
this gland releases thymosin
thymus gland
70
what does the thymosin hormone target?
immune tissue
71
this hormone functions for the immune system development
thymosin
72
a small, pinecone-shaped found in the thalamus of the brain
pineal gland
73
what does the pineal gland release
melatonin
74
this controls circadian rhythm
melatonin
75
Over-secretion of growth hormone in developing child.
gigantism
76
is generally defined as an adult height of 4 feet 10inches (147centimeters) or less.
dwarfism
77
Enlargement of thyroid gland, may be caused by insufficient amounts of iodine in diet
goiter
78
goiter is caused by insufficient amount of ___
iodine
79
Is a complex disease because of the numerous interactions of body with insulin and the insulin is not being produced
diabetes melliltus
80
Syndrome occurs due to abnormally high levels of the hormone cortisol.
cushing syndrome
81
involve progressive obesity and skin changes
cushing syndrome
82
a radiological finding where spinal fluid is found within the sella, the space created for the pituitary.
empty sella syndrome
83

General Physiology LEC (1 decks)

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