Endocrine System Flashcards
what do endocrine organs secrete
hormones
the brain is part of the endocrine system and contains what other endocrine organs?
pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland
the thoracic cavity contains what endocrine organs?
thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, heart
what abdominal organs are endocrine organs?
kidneys, pancreas, adrenal glands
what reproductive organs are endocrine organs?
ovaries, testes
the hypothalamus and pituitary gland are connected by what?
infundibulum
GnRH
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
CRH
Corticotropin releasing hormone
TRH
Thyrotropin releasing hormone
PRF
prolactin releasing factor/hormone
GHRH
growth hormone releasing hormone
GnRH turns into what in APG
FSH, LH
CRH turns into what in the APG
ACTH
TRH turns into what in the APG
TSH
PRF turns into what in the APG
PRL
GHRH turns into what in the APG
GH
MRF turns into what in the APG
MSH
FSH targets what to do what
ovaries - egg maturation
testes - sperm maturation
LH targets what to do what
ovaries - ovulation
testes - testostrone
ACTH targets what to do what
Adrenal Cortex - produce cortisol which is the stress response
TSH targets what to do what
Thyroid gland - produce thyroid hormone
PRL targets what to do what
Breast - produce milk
GH targets what to do what
bones and muscles - to stimulate growth
MSH targets what to do what
melanocytes - produce melanin
ACTH stimulates a slightly different response in each or the three regions of the adrenal cortex. what are the three regions
zona glomerulosa
zona fasciculata
zona reticularis
this region of the adrenal cortex produces mineral corticoids such as aldosterone
zona glomerulosa
this region of the adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoids such as cortisol
zona fasciculata
this region of the adrenal cortex produces the sex hormones
zona reticularis
Cushing’s disease (buffalo hump) stems from what
elevated cortisol levels
what are the two forms of thyroid hormone
T3 (active form)
T4
what do the T3 and T4 hormones do
establish metabolic rate
what produces thyroid hormone in the thyroid gland
follicular cells
what does the production of thyroid hormone require
iodine
Goiter stems from
not enough iodine within the thyroid
what is the path of milk production
mammary lobule, lactiferous ducts, lactiferous sinuses
what two hormones pass from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary gland
ADH and OXYTOCIN
ADH
antidiuretic hormone
what does ADH do
conservation of water
what does Oxytocin do
stimulates uterine contractions, and causes milk release
what is the clinical connection to ADH
diabetes insipidus
what is the clinical connection to oxytocin
pitocin - drug form of oxytocin
this secretes norepinephrine and epinephrine within the adrenal gland
adrenal medulla
what is epinephrine and norepinephrine responsible for
fight or flight
what causes stimulation of the adrenal medulla
sympathetic nerve stimulation
this is the endocrine portions of the pancreas
islets of langerhans
what makes up the islets of langerhans
Alpha cells - secrete glucagon
beta cells - secrete insulin
glycogen -> glucose to raise blood sugar
glucagon
promote uptake of glucose to lower blood sugar
insulin
these work together to regulate Ca++ levels
parafollicular cells, parathyroid gland
when blood calcium is too high, parafollicular cells release what
calcitonin (CT)
when blood calcium is too low, parafollicular gland releases what
parathyroid hormone
the auricles release what when the atria are over-stretched
ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)
what is produced when the right ventricle is overstretched
BNP (brain natriuretic peptide)
what does the pineal gland produce to regulate circadian rhythm
melatonin
thymus produces
thymosins
kidneys produce what two things
erythropoietin - stimulates production of RBC’S
RENIN
intestines produce what two things
gastrin
CCK (cholecystokinin)
adipose produces ____ which is opposed by _____
leptin, ghrelin
