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A&P Lab > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

what do endocrine organs secrete

A

hormones

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2
Q

the brain is part of the endocrine system and contains what other endocrine organs?

A

pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland

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3
Q

the thoracic cavity contains what endocrine organs?

A

thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, heart

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4
Q

what abdominal organs are endocrine organs?

A

kidneys, pancreas, adrenal glands

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5
Q

what reproductive organs are endocrine organs?

A

ovaries, testes

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6
Q

the hypothalamus and pituitary gland are connected by what?

A

infundibulum

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7
Q

GnRH

A

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone

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8
Q

CRH

A

Corticotropin releasing hormone

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9
Q

TRH

A

Thyrotropin releasing hormone

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10
Q

PRF

A

prolactin releasing factor/hormone

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11
Q

GHRH

A

growth hormone releasing hormone

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12
Q

GnRH turns into what in APG

A

FSH, LH

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13
Q

CRH turns into what in the APG

A

ACTH

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14
Q

TRH turns into what in the APG

A

TSH

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15
Q

PRF turns into what in the APG

A

PRL

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16
Q

GHRH turns into what in the APG

A

GH

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17
Q

MRF turns into what in the APG

A

MSH

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18
Q

FSH targets what to do what

A

ovaries - egg maturation
testes - sperm maturation

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19
Q

LH targets what to do what

A

ovaries - ovulation
testes - testostrone

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20
Q

ACTH targets what to do what

A

Adrenal Cortex - produce cortisol which is the stress response

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21
Q

TSH targets what to do what

A

Thyroid gland - produce thyroid hormone

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22
Q

PRL targets what to do what

A

Breast - produce milk

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23
Q

GH targets what to do what

A

bones and muscles - to stimulate growth

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24
Q

MSH targets what to do what

A

melanocytes - produce melanin

25
Q

ACTH stimulates a slightly different response in each or the three regions of the adrenal cortex. what are the three regions

A

zona glomerulosa
zona fasciculata
zona reticularis

26
Q

this region of the adrenal cortex produces mineral corticoids such as aldosterone

A

zona glomerulosa

27
Q

this region of the adrenal cortex produces glucocorticoids such as cortisol

A

zona fasciculata

28
Q

this region of the adrenal cortex produces the sex hormones

A

zona reticularis

29
Q

Cushing’s disease (buffalo hump) stems from what

A

elevated cortisol levels

30
Q

what are the two forms of thyroid hormone

A

T3 (active form)
T4

31
Q

what do the T3 and T4 hormones do

A

establish metabolic rate

32
Q

what produces thyroid hormone in the thyroid gland

A

follicular cells

33
Q

what does the production of thyroid hormone require

A

iodine

34
Q

Goiter stems from

A

not enough iodine within the thyroid

35
Q

what is the path of milk production

A

mammary lobule, lactiferous ducts, lactiferous sinuses

36
Q

what two hormones pass from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary gland

A

ADH and OXYTOCIN

37
Q

ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone

38
Q

what does ADH do

A

conservation of water

39
Q

what does Oxytocin do

A

stimulates uterine contractions, and causes milk release

40
Q

what is the clinical connection to ADH

A

diabetes insipidus

41
Q

what is the clinical connection to oxytocin

A

pitocin - drug form of oxytocin

42
Q

this secretes norepinephrine and epinephrine within the adrenal gland

A

adrenal medulla

43
Q

what is epinephrine and norepinephrine responsible for

A

fight or flight

44
Q

what causes stimulation of the adrenal medulla

A

sympathetic nerve stimulation

45
Q

this is the endocrine portions of the pancreas

A

islets of langerhans

46
Q

what makes up the islets of langerhans

A

Alpha cells - secrete glucagon
beta cells - secrete insulin

47
Q

glycogen -> glucose to raise blood sugar

A

glucagon

48
Q

promote uptake of glucose to lower blood sugar

A

insulin

49
Q

these work together to regulate Ca++ levels

A

parafollicular cells, parathyroid gland

50
Q

when blood calcium is too high, parafollicular cells release what

A

calcitonin (CT)

51
Q

when blood calcium is too low, parafollicular gland releases what

A

parathyroid hormone

52
Q

the auricles release what when the atria are over-stretched

A

ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)

53
Q

what is produced when the right ventricle is overstretched

A

BNP (brain natriuretic peptide)

54
Q

what does the pineal gland produce to regulate circadian rhythm

A

melatonin

55
Q

thymus produces

A

thymosins

56
Q

kidneys produce what two things

A

erythropoietin - stimulates production of RBC’S
RENIN

57
Q

intestines produce what two things

A

gastrin
CCK (cholecystokinin)

58
Q

adipose produces ____ which is opposed by _____

A

leptin, ghrelin

A&P Lab (1 decks)

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