Endocrine System

Question 1

2 functions of the endocrine system

Answer 1

1. provide chemical system of communication via the bloodstream through glands secreting hormones
2. secrere hormones required to regulate may bodily functions anad maintain homeostasis

Question 2

what is the relative speed and strength of the endocrine system?

Answer 2

slow acting, but powerful, widespread effects

Question 3

major endocrine gland?

Answer 3

pituitary gland

Question 4

function of the pituitary gland

Answer 4

controls the release of hormones from all other endocrine glands

Question 5

specificity of hormones

Answer 5

hormones only affect the cell that has receptors for that specific hormone

Question 6

function of thyroxine

Answer 6

affects various cells incuding heart cells and influences metabolic rate so affects growth rates

Question 7

5 steps of a fight or flight response

Answer 7

1. amygdla sends signals to hypothalamus
2. hypothalamus activates the sympathetic branch of the ANS
3. this sends signals to the adrenal medulla
4. adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline
5. adrenaline leads to fight or flight response

Question 8

what 4 things happens in a fight or flight response?

Answer 8

• HR increases
• BP increases
• breathing rate increases
• muscle tension increases

Question 9

function of the amygdala

Answer 9

associates sensory information and emotions

Question 10

how does the sympathetic NS deal with short-lived stress?

Answer 10

channels resources to areas of the body where they are needed (e.g. muscles) and diverting them from less necessary areas (e.g. digestive system)

Question 11

how long can a fight or mlight response be maintatined?

Answer 11

not long

Question 12

what is the role of adrenaline?

Answer 12

prepare the body for fight or flight by acting on various organs and making it ready to run fast or be strong

Question 13

what causes the release of adrenaline from the adrenal medulla?

Answer 13

activation of the sympathomedullary pathway

Question 14

7 actions of adrenaline

Answer 14

1.prepare for fight or flight
2. increase HR
3. constrict blood vessels and increase blood flow, increasing BP
4. increase oxygeated blood supply to skeletal muscle for physical action
5. increase blood/O2 to brain for rapid response planning
6. divert blood away from skin, kidneys and digestive system
7. increase respiration and sweating

Question 15

3 steps of the action of the parasympathetic NS

Answer 15

1. once the threat has passed, the parasympathetic NS returns the body to resting state
2. works in opposition to the sympathetic NS, reducing body’s activities that were increased by actions of sympathetic NS
3. stops pituitary stimulation so hormones stop being released

Question 16

function of the hypothalamus

Answer 16

helps regulate body processes and releases hormones