endocrine system Flashcards
Parathyroid glands are composed of the exocrine glandular cells that are arranged into the
cords
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Parathyroid glands are composed of exocrine glandular cells that are arranged into cords
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Intralobular striated ducts are important components of parathyroid gland
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Parathyroid gland is composed of serous and mucous cells
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In parathyroid glands we distinguish 2 main types of parenchymal cells: Chief cells and
oxyphil cells
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Parenchymal cells of the parathyroid gland are two types: Chief cells and oxyphil cells
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Minor part of parathyroid gland parenchyma is composed of Oxyphil cells with the
acidophilic cytoplasm
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Acidophilic oxyphil cells of parathyroid glands are arranged separately or into small groups
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The main cells of parathyroid glands are much larger and less numerous than oxyphilic
cells
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Chief cells of parathyroid glands are predominant type of cells and are smaller than
oxyphil cells
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Endocrine cells of parathyroid glands are in close connection with the continuous
capillaries
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Endocrine cells of thyroid and parathyroid glands are surrounded by a richly branched
network of fenestrated capillaries
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Endocrine cells of thyroid glands are surrounded by extensive network of fenestrated
capillaries
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The thyroid gland is follicular type of exocrine gland
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Thyroid gland is follicular type of exocrine gland
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Follicular cells of the 2-phase thyroid gland produce T3 and T4 which are stored in form of
a colloid
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Follicular cells of thyroid gland are strictly of cuboidal shape independently to hormonal
activity
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The follicles of thyroid gland also contain several smaller and paler cells – parafollicular or
C-cells, which produce the polypeptide hormone thyroxin
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2 main cell populations of the thyroid gland parenchyma are follicular and parafollicular
cells
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Thyroid gland consists of the endocrine cells arranged into cords
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Thyroid is the only example of gland in humans with follicular arrangement of cells
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Thyroid gland contains many spherical epithelial follicles with colloid filed cavity
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Parathormone is a secretory product of parafollicular cells of the thyroid
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Hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis is typical with the presence of two distinct capillary
plexuses
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The anterior lobe of hypophysis has two parts: Pars nervosa and Infundibulum
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Endocrine cords of Adenohypophysis are supported by fine reticular tissue stroma
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Pars distalis of adenohypophysis contains two types of acidophilic cells and three types of
basophilic cells
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Corticotropic cells of the Adenohypophysis have basophilic cytoplasm
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Cells of Adenohypophysis are arranged into irregular cords and are surrounded by rich
capillary network
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Cells of Pars distalis of Adenohypophysis are arranged into irregular cords and are
surrounded by sinusoidal capillaries
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Herring bodies occur in the Pars distalis of the Adenohypophysis
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Herring bodies represent the accumulation of secretory granules in unmyelinated axons in
the neurohypophysis
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Herring bodies are found in neurohypophysis
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Neurohypophysis does NOT contain any perikarya of neurosecretory neurons
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Neurohypophysis has 3 parts: Pars distalis, Pars tuberlais, Pars intermedia
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Tissue of neurohypophysis has a fibrous appearance due to presence of many
unmyelinated axons
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Pituicytes of the neurohypophysis produce the hormone oxytocin
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Acidophils are predominant population of cells in Pars nervosa of Neurohypophysis
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Interstitial glial cells of the pineal gland resemble to astrocytes
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Pinealocytes of Pineal gland have long cytoplasmic processes and produce Melatonin
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Glandula pinealis is formed by a typical trabecular glandular epithelium
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Histologically, the neurohypophysis is composed of endocrine glandular
epithelium
Herring neurosecretory bodies are found in pars distalis of the
adenohypophysis
Chromophilic cells are part of the adenohypophysis
Like the liver, the adenohypophysis contains a portal system.
The neurohypophysis is histologically a nervous tissue that does not contain
glandular epithelial cells and does not produce hormones.
Chromophobic and chromophilic cells are the two main cell populations of
the adenohypophysis and are present in approximately equal numbers.
Acidophilic cells of the adenohypophysis produce hormones that act on other
endocrine glands in the body.
Acidophilic cells of the adenohypophysis are more numerous than basophilic
cells
Herring bodies represent accumulations of vesicles containing antidiuretic
hormone and oxytocin
Hormones stored in Herring bodies are the product of neurons in the
hypothalamus
Pituicytes are one of the cell populations of the adenohypophysis.
Glandotropic hormones are a product of the basophilic cells of the
adenohypophysis
The hypophyseal-portal system is formed by two capillary beds connected in
series
The adenohypophysis contains capillaries with a continuous endothelial
lining.
Rathke’s follicles are found in the neurohypophysis as remnants of the
Rathke’s pouch
Chromophilic cells of the adenohypophysis produce liberins and statins.
The adenohypophysis is composed of endocrine glandular epithelium
arranged in irregular cords and nests.
Pituicytes are neuroglial cells of the neurohypophysis.
The adenohypophysis contains two populations of cells - chromophobic and
chromaffin
The pituitary gland is a gland functionally superior to the hypothalamus, the
activity of which it influences.