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ANAPHY > Endocrine system > Flashcards

Endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

lacks structural continuity and hierarchy

A

Endocrine System

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2
Q

Maintain body homeostasis

A

Endocrine Organs

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3
Q

Goes hand in hand with the nervous system

A

Endocrine System

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4
Q

Structure that controls mostly brain and spinal cord, quick acting system

A

Nervous System

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5
Q

Other organs communicate with other organs, slow acting and depends on the Concentration Hormones

A

Endocrine System

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6
Q

chemical substances secreted by endocrine cells

A

Hormones

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7
Q

Extracellular fluids that regulate metabolic activity of
other cells in the body is the location of secretion of?

A

Hormones

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8
Q

Three classification of Hormones

A

Amino acid-based molecules, steroids and prostaglandin

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9
Q

Water-soluble, proteins, peptides, amines

A

Amino-acid based Molecules

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10
Q

■ Made from cholesterol
■ Sex hormones made by gonads (ovaries and testes)
■ Hormones produced by adrenal cortex
■ Intercellular signaling

A

Steroids

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11
Q

■ Lipid-soluble
■ Intracellular signaling
■ Made from highly active
lipids
■ Can be found released by all membranes

A

Prostaglandin

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12
Q

Chemical signaling within the cell

A

Intracellular

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13
Q

2 Types of chemical signals

A

Intracellular and Intercellular

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14
Q

How the nucleus
controls actions within
the cell

A

Intracelullar

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15
Q

A specific cell secretes hormones that influence other cells

A

Intercellular

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16
Q

In between cells

A

Intercellular

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17
Q

Types of Intercellular

A

Autocrine and Paracrine

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18
Q

Release by cells and have local effects on the
same cell type

A

Autocrine

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19
Q

Released by cells
that affect other cell types in close proximity

A

Paracrine

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20
Q

Needed for the target
cell to respond

A

Receptors

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21
Q

Where hormones attach

A

receptors

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22
Q

Influence of hormones

A

Binding

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23
Q

Group of cells that respond to specific hormones

A

Target tissue

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24
Q

Arouse the body by altering cellular activity

A

Hormones

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25
Q

Increasing or decreasing rate of a normal metabolic process

A

Altering Cellular activity

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26
Q

Change permeability of plasma membrane potential

A

Hormones

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27
Q

Active or inactivate enzymes

A

Hormones

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28
Q

Stimulate or inhibit cell division

A

Hormones

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29
Q

Promote or inhibit secretion of
a product

A

Hormones

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29
Q

Turn on or off transcription of
certain genes

A

Hormones

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30
Q

Reproduction (mitosis, cellular
division)

A

Hormones

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31
Q

Growth and development

A

Hormones

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32
Q

Mobilization of body defenses

A

Hormones

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33
Q

Mobilization of body defenses

A

Hormones

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34
Q

Regulation of metabolism

A

Hormones

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35
Q

Steroid is diffused through the plasma membrane as they are lipid soluble

A

Step 1 of Direct Gene Activation

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35
Q

Used by steroid hormones

A

Direct Gene Activation

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36
Q

Steroids are lipid-soluble
molecules hence, they can diffuse through the plasma membrane of target cells

A

Direct Gene Activation

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37
Q

Steroid hormone enters the nucleus

A

Step 2 Direct Gene Activation

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38
Q

Steroid binds to a specific hormone receptor

A

Step 3 Direct Gene Activation

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39
Q

Activating genes to transcribe mRNA

A

Step 4 of Direct Gene Activation

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40
Q

Hormone-receptor complex binds to specific sites on the cell’s DNA

A

Step 5 of Direct Gene Activation

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41
Q

mRNA is translated in cytoplasm

A

Step 6 of Direct Gene Activation

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42
Q

Synthesis of proteins

A

Step 7 of Direct Gene Activation

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43
Q

Indirect pathway used by steroid to influence cell activity

A

Second-Messenger System

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44
Q

Protein and peptide hormones are usually water-soluble

A

Second-Messenger System

45
Q

They cannot enter target cells directly

A

Second-messenger systems

46
Q

They bind to hormone receptors on the target cell’s plasma membrane and use second messenger system

A

Second-Messenger System

47
Q

Hormones bind to receptor protein on the membrane

A

Step 1 of Second-Messenger System

48
Q

Activated receptor generates a series of reactions that can activate an enzyme

A

Step 2 Second-Messenger System

49
Q

Enzyme catalyzes reactions that can produce the molecules of second messenger molecules

A

Step 3 Second-Messenger System

50
Q

Second-messenger molecules oversee intracellular changes that can promote typical response of target cell to hormone

A

Step 4 Second-Messenger System

51
Q

First messenger -> Second messenger -> Cell membrane -> DNA

A

Step 5 Second-Messenger System

52
Q

Maintains blood levels of nearly all hormones

A

Negative feedback mechanism

53
Q

Stimuli of low hormone levels in the blood = release of more hormones

A

Release of more hormones

54
Q

Hormone release stops when the appropriate levels in the blood is reached

A

Negative Feedback Mechanism

55
Q

Three Major Categories of Stimuli that Activate Endocrine Glands

A

Hormonal stimuli, Humoral stimuli, Neural stimuli

56
Q

Release of hormones is dependent on another hormone

A

Hormonal Stimuli

57
Q

Most Common major Categories of stimuli that activate

A

Hormonal Stimuli

58
Q

Hormones of hypothalamus

A

example of hormonal stimuli

59
Q

Stimulate the anterior
pituitary gland to
secrete hormones

A

Hormones of the hypothalamus

60
Q

Some anterior pituitary hormones stimulate other endocrine organs
to release their
hormones to the blood

A

Hormones of the hypothalamus

61
Q

Increase of hormones produced in the blood by final target glands = feedback is made to inhibit the release of anterior pituitary hormones

A

Hormonal Stimuli

62
Q

Rhythmic and Hormone blood levels rising and falling again and again

A

Hormone Release

63
Q

Changing in blood levels of ions

A

Humoral Stimuli

64
Q

Changing blood levels and materials stimulate hormone release

A

Humoral Stimuli

65
Q

Decreasing blood calcium ion level in the capillaries =

A

Release of parathyroid hormone

66
Q

Hormones released in
response to humoral stimuli

A

Calcitonin and Insulin

67
Q

Released by
thyroid gland

A

Calcitonin

68
Q

Produced by
pancreas

A

Insulin

68
Q

When nerve fibers stimulate hormone release and
endocrine cells respond to this type of stimuli

A

Neural Stimuli

69
Q

Nerve impulses stimulate the release of hormone

A

Neural Stimuli

70
Q

Nerve fibers stimulate hormone release

A

Neural Stimuli

71
Q

Sympathetic nervous system, stimulation of adrenal medulla is an example of

A

Neural stimuli

72
Q

To release catecholamines, norepinephrine, and epinephrine during period of stress

A

Neural Stimuli

73
Q

Major Endocrine Organs

A

Hypothalamus, Pituitary gland, Thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, gonads

74
Q

Ductless glands

A

Endocrine

75
Q

Release to body’s surface OR into body cavities

A

Exocrine

75
Q

Release into BLOOD or
LYMPH

A

Endocrine

76
Q

Are made of epithelial cells

A

Endocrine and Exocrine

77
Q

Part of the NERVOUS system, below the 3rd ventricle

A

Hypothalamus

78
Q

It is from this structure that the PITUITARY GLAND hangs from

A

Hypothalamus

79
Q

Primary endocrine organ that stimulates the pituitary gland with RELEASING HORMONES AND INHIBITING HORMONES

A

Hypothalamus

80
Q

It is usually one of the first to release hormones

A

Hypothalamus

80
Q

Hormones are transported along the axon of hypothalamic NEUROSECRETORY cells

A

Hypothalamus

81
Q

Sequential action

A

Hypothalamus secretes regulatory hormones (reg h.)&raquo_space; Reg h. enters the blood of the portal of the circulation (2 capilliary beds are joined by 1 or more veins)

82
Q

Hormones of the Hypothalamus

A

Oxytocin and Antidiuretic hormones

83
Q

Released during childbirth and nursing

A

Oxytocin

84
Q

Stimulates CONTRACTIONS of uterine muscle

A

Oxytocin

85
Q

Milk injection

A

Oxytocin

86
Q

Also released during sexual activities

A

Oxytocin

87
Q

Love Hormone

A

Oxytocin

88
Q

Inhibits URINATION

A

Antidiuretic hormone

89
Q

Kidneys reabsorb water

A

Urination

90
Q

Also has effects on blood pressure (More ADH, INCREASE of BP)

A

Urination

91
Q

Vasopressin

A

Antidiuretic hormone

92
Q

Diuretic drugs are ANTAGONISTS of the function of ADH

A

Antidiuretic hormone

93
Q

Pea-sized gland

A

Pituitary Gland

94
Q

Protected by sella turcica of
the sphenoid bone

A

Pituitary gland

95
Q

Master endocrine gland

A

Pituitary Gland

96
Q

2 lobes of the pituitary gland

A

anterior and posterior

97
Q

Stores secretions of the hypothalamus that are transported by neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus

A

Posterior Pituitary Gland

98
Q

HORMONES OF THE POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND

A

Oxytocin and Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

99
Q

Stimulate contractions of the uterus during labor, sexual relations, and breast feeding

A

Oxytocin

100
Q

Milk ejection for breastfeeding women

A

Oxytocin

101
Q

Inhibits urine production by water reabsorbption by kidneys

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

102
Q

Decrease in uring volume = increase in blood pressure

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

103
Q

Large amounts cause constrictions of arterioles

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

103
Q

Large amounts cause constrictions of arterioles leads to?

A

increased blood pressure

104
Q
A
105
Q
A
106
Q
A
107
Q
A
108
Q
A

ANAPHY (1 decks)

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