Endocrine System

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

process in which the body maintains a constant internal environment

Question 2

Pineal Gland

Answer 2

○ very small endocrine gland located in the central portion of the brain
○ secretions influence the sleep- wakefulness cycle including the hormone melatonin

Question 3

Pituary gland

Answer 3

○ pea-sized gland that is divided into
two parts: anterior and posterior lobe
○ secretes hormones that control the
activity of other endocrine glands

Question 4

Thyroid Gland

Answer 4

○ butterfly-shaped gland lies lies on
either side of the larynx just below
the thyroid cartilage
○ primary function is to regulate the
body’s metabolism

Question 5

Thyroid Gland x4

Answer 5

○ size of a grain of rice and embedded in the posterior of the thyroid gland
○ regulate calcium levels throughout the body

Question 6

Thymus

Answer 6

○ located near the midline in the
anterior portion of the thoracic cavity
○ secretes hormones that functions as part of the immune system

Question 7

Pancreas (pancreatic islets)

Answer 7

○ feather shaped organ located posterior to the stomach
○ controls blood sugar levels and glucose metabolisms throughout the body

Question 8

Adrenal Gland x2

Answer 8

○ located with one on top of each
kidney
○ controls electrolyte levels in the body

Question 9

Gonads x2

Answer 9

○ gamete-producing glands
○ ovaries in females and testicles in males
○ secrete hormones responsible for development of sex characteristics that develop during puberty

Question 10

Endocrinologists

Answer 10

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and malfunctions of the endocrine glands

Question 11

Certified diabetes educator

Answer 11

health care professional qualified to teach people with diabetes how to manage their disease

Question 12

Diabetes insipidus:

Answer 12

caused by insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone ADH or by the inability of the kidneys to respond appropriately to this hormone

Question 13

Pancreatitis

Answer 13

an inflammation of the pancreas which is a leading cause of long-term alcohol abuse

Question 14

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 14

overproduction of thyroid hormones which causes an imbalance of the metabolism

Question 15

Graves’ Disease

Answer 15

disorder of an unknown cause in which the immune system attacks the thyroid gland and stimulates it to make excessive amounts of thyroid hormone

Question 16

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 16

group of metabolism disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting in insulin secretion, insulin action or both

Question 17

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 17

autoimmune insulin deficiency disorder caused by the destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells

Question 18

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 18

insulin resistance disorder

Question 19

diagnostic procedures of the Endocrine System

Answer 19

● Fasting blood sugar test
● Oral glucose tolerance test
● Radioactive Iodine treatment
● Human growth hormone (HGH)
● Pinealectomy
● Antithyroid drug
● Synthetic thyroid hormones
● Pancreatectomy