Endocrine System

Question 1

A chemical substance produced in the body that controls and regulates
the activity of certain cells or organs.

Answer 1

Hormones

Question 2

What is the target and effects of Adrenal Cortex?

Answer 2

Kidneys and it can regulate the body’s sodium balance.

Question 3

What are the hormones of Pancreas?

Answer 3

Insulin and Glucagon

Question 4

Give the two indications when drugs acting on the Endocrine Gland.

Answer 4

1. Provide symptomatic relief
2. Diagnostic tool to detect pathophysiological endocrine states.

Question 5

What are the adverse effect of Oxytocin?

Answer 5

1. Hypersensitivity
2. Cardiovascular spasm
3. Hypotension
4. N&V

Question 6

What are the difference between Adrenal Medulla and Adrenal Cortex?

Answer 6

Adrenal Medulla is releases transmitters Norepinephrine and Epinephrine while the Adrenal Cortex produce hormones called as Corticosteroids.

Question 7

What are the adverse effect of drugs acting on Adrenal Glands?

Answer 7

Increased blood sugar
Abnormal fat deposits
Sodium and water retention
Increasing appetite and weight gain
Weakness and muscle atrophy
Increasing risk for infection

Question 8

What are the Pharmacokinetics of Thyroid?

Answer 8

•Eliminated: bile
•Does not cross placenta ->pregnancy
• Crosses breast milk -> caution:lactation

Question 9

What are the adverse effects of Thyroid?

Answer 9

1. Skin reaction
2. Hair loss
3. Cardiac Stimulation

Question 10

In Nursing Process, how would be the intervention when the Thyroid Replacement?

Answer 10

1. Administer before breakfast single dose
2. Monitor cardiac response.
3. Arrange for periodic blood tests.
4. Inform patient symptoms of thyrotoxicosis.

Question 11

What are the signs and symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus?

Answer 11

1. Sustained Hyperglycemia
2. Polyuria
3. Polydipsia
4. Ketonuria
5. Weight Loss

Question 12

The difference of Diabetes Mellitus Type I and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 in Age of onset and Treatment.

Answer 12

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 in Age of onset is Childhood

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 in Age of onset is Over 40s

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 in treatment is Insulin Replacement

Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 in treatment are TLC, Oral hyperglycemic and insulin.

Question 13

What is the value of BP from Parameter in treatment targets for Diabetes Mellitus?

Answer 13

< 130/<80 mmHg

Question 14

What is the onset of Rapid-acting (Humalog)?

Answer 14

5-15 minutes

Question 15

What is Lipodystrophy?

Answer 15

Lipodystrophy is a condition where the person lose fats from some parts of the body while gaining the others organs like liver.

Question 16

Give atleast one of storage which is preferred for insulin.

Answer 16

1. Unopened vials - refrigerated or not frozen
2. Vial in use – can be at room temp for up to 1 month
   3 No direct sunlight and extreme heat
3. Mixtures stable at room temp for 1 month and 3 months under refrigeration

Question 17

Giving insulin for the person who have hypoglycemia and what you should do? (Give atleast 1 only.)

Answer 17

1. Monitor clients for signs of hypoglycemia. If abrupt onset, the client will experience SNS symptoms, such as
   tachycardia, palpitations, diaphoresis, and shakiness. If gradual onset, the client will experience PNS symptoms,
   such as headache, tremors, and weakness.
2. Instruct clients to self-administer a snack of 15 g of carbohydrate (4 oz orange juice, 2 oz grape juice, 8 oz milk,
   glucose tablets per manufacturer’s suggestion to equal 15 g).
3. Instruct clients to notify the provider if there is a recurrent problem.
4. If severe hypoglycemia occurs, IV glucose may be needed.
5. Encourage clients to wear a medical alert bracelet.

Question 18

Decreases glucose production by the liver; increase tissue response to insulin

Answer 18

Biguanides

Question 19

Increases insulin release, reduces glucagon release

Answer 19

Gliptins

Question 20

What are the symptoms of PCOS or Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?

Answer 20

1. Irregular periods
2. Anovulation
3. Infertility
4. Acne
5. Hirsutism.