Endocrine System Flashcards
What is a Hormone?
is an organic susbtance/ protein or steroid that is secreted by an endocrine gland into the bloodstream where it regulates metabolic reactions
What is a target organ
a target organ is an organ or receptor sites that have cells that respond to a hormone
what is the difference between an endocrine and exocrine gland
an endocrine gland secretes hormones into the blood stream to the target organ
an exocrine gland secretes hormones into the ducts (carried in ducts)
an oversecretion of a hormone
hypersecretion
undersecretion of a hormone
hyposecretion
what are the consequences of a hypersecretion of the growth hormone
results in overdevelopment of the skeleton (gigantisim)
I.E Ethan Murray
what are the consequences of a hyposecretion of growth hormone
results in the underdevelopment of the skeleton also know as pituitary dwarfism results in sexual immaturity
Explain what hormone the hypothalamus secretes
secretes ADH
what is the role of ADH
ADH helps to conserve water by reabsrbing water back into the blood from the collecting ducts of kidney resulting in less water in urine being excreted
Significance of Pituitary gland
Pituitary Gland is a master gland secretes most of the hormones neccessary for metabolic reactions to take place
what hormone does the thyroid gland secrete
secretes thyroxin
what is the role of thyroxin
increases basal metabolic rate, normal functioning of nervous system and heart beat
undersecretion of thyroxine
hypothyroidism
conditions of hypothyrodism
myxoedema which causes mental sluggishness and low blood pressure
cretinism- child does not grow, resulting in sexual immaturity
conditions of hyperthyroidism
increase of body temperature and nervous activity and can cause muscular tremors
condition of lack of iodine
goitre
What is homeostasis
keeping the body in an optimal state
define what negative feedback is
negative feedback is a control mechanism in which a change from the set point of any factor is corrected by bringing about a change in the opposite direction.
what is the negative system made up of?
it is made up of an receptor that detects a change
made up of a control system processes information and activates correct mechanisms
made up of an effector that responds and corrects change
what is the function of the Pancreas
Exocrine Function- Which is the secretion of pancreatic juice into duodenum which assists with chemical digestion
Endocrine Function: Hormones are secreted by cells called Islets of Langerhands which secrete Insulin and Glucagon
What cell secretes Insulin and function of insulin
Beta Cells lowers blood glucose
what cell secretes Glucagon and function
Alpha cells and increases blood glucose
Diabetes
a chronic disease of high blood glucose level
what is type 1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the insulin secreting cells are destroyed
