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BIOLOGY - Organ System > ENDOCRINE SYSTEM > Flashcards

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

responsible for the secretion of hormones needed in the development, growth and development of organism

A

Endocrine System

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2
Q

long-distance chemical signals which travel via blood or lymph

A

Hormones

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3
Q

concerned with maintaining homeostasis such as maintaining blood glucose levels via the action of Insulin and Glucagon, or the metabolic processes via the action of the thyroid hormones (T3,T4)

A

Hormones

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4
Q

Is exocrine ductless gland

A

False - Duct Gland

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5
Q

Is endocrine ductless gland

A

True

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6
Q

What does exocrine secretes? How do they transfer it? What are the target organ?

A

Enzymes, thru duct, to the organ near the gland

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7
Q

What does endocrine secretes? How do they transfer it? What are the target organ?

A

Hormones, thru bloodstream, to the organ distant from the gland

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8
Q

stimulates development of male sex organs and secondary sex characteristics

A

Testosterone - Testis

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9
Q

stimulate development of female sex organs and secondary sex characteristics, maturation follicles, formation and maintenance of bone tissue, and contraction of the uterine wall

A

Estrogens (Estradiol, estrone, estriol) - Ovary

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10
Q

Stimulates secretion of substances from the lining of the uterus in preparation for egg implantation in the uterine wall

A

Progesterone - Ovary

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11
Q

stimulates cellular metabolism, lipid production, carbohydrate utilization, and CNS and ANS activation

A 
Thyroxine 4 (T4)
Thyroxine 3 (T3)  - Thyroid Gland
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12
Q

stimulates “fight or flight” response

Increase heart rate
dilates blood vessels
increases oxygen
increases blood glucose

A

Epinephrine (Adrenaline)

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) - Adrenal Gland, Medulla

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13
Q

activates physiological stress response to maintain blood glucose concentrations, augments constriction of blood vessels to maintains blood pressure, and stimulates anti-inflammatory pathways

A

Cortisol (Glucocorticoid) - Adrenal Gland, Cortex

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14
Q

Regulates balance of salt and water in the body

A

Aldosterone (Mineralocorticoid) - Adrenal Gland, Cortex

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15
Q

Contribute to growth and development of the male reproductive system and serve as precursors to testosterone and estrogen

A

Androgens - Adrenal Gland, Cortex

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16
Q

Stimulates growth and secretion of cells of the adrenal cortex; increases skin pigmentation

A

Corticotropin (Adrenocorticotropic) - Pituitary gland, Anterior Lobe

17
Q

Stimulates growth of essentially all tissues in the body

A

Growth Hormone (GH, Somatotropin) - Pituitary gland, Anterior Lobe

18
Q

Stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone and growth of thyroid cells

A

Thyrotropin (Thyroid Simulating Hormone, TSH) - Pituitary gland, Anterior Lobe

19
Q

Stimulates maturation of egg follicles in females and development of spermatozoa in males

A

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) - Pituitary gland, Anterior Lobe

20
Q

Stimulates rupture of mature egg follicles and production of progesterone and androgens in females and secretions of androgens in males

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH; interstitial cell stimulating hormones, ICSH) - Pituitary gland, Anterior Lobe

21
Q

Stimulated and maintains lactation in breastfeeding mothers

A

Prolactin (PRL) - Pituitary gland, Anterior Lobe

22
Q

Stimulates milk ejection or letdown during breastfeeding and uterine muscle contraction during childbirth

A

Oxytocin - Pituitary Gland, Posterior

23
Q

Regulates fluid volume by increasing or decreasing fluid excretion in response to changes in blood pressure

A

Vasopressin (Antidiuretic Hormone, ADH) - Pituitary Gland, Posterior

24
Q

Stimulate melanin synthesis in skin cells to increase pigmentation; may also suppress appetite

A

Melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSH) - Pituitary Gland, intermediate lobe

25
Q

Stimulates synthesis and secretion of corticotropin from the anterior pituitary gland

A

Corticotropin-releasing hormone - Hypothalamus

26
Q

Simulates synthesis and secretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland

A

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) - Hypothalamus

27
Q

Stimulates and regulates secretion of thyrotropin from the anterior pituitary gland and may modulate neuronal activity in the brain and spinal cord

A

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) - Hypothalamus

28
Q

Stimulates synthesis and secretion of FSH and LH

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone - Hypothalamus

29
Q

inhibits secretion of PRL (prolactin)

A

Prolactin-Inhibiting factor (Dopamine) - Hypothalamus

30
Q

inhibits secretion of GH (growth hormone) glucagon, and GI hormones

A

Somatostatin - Hypothalamus

31
Q

Release by ALPHA cells; maintains blood glucose concentrations by stimulating release of glucose from the liver

A

Glucagon - Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans

32
Q

Release by BETA cells; stimulates glucose uptake and storage in adipose, muscle, and liver

A

Insulin - Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans

33
Q

Increases serum calcium concentrations from bone tissue

A

Parathyroid Hormone (Parathormone) - Parathyroid Gland/ PTH

34
Q

Decreases serum calcium concentrations by promoting uptake of calcium into bone tissue

A

Calcitonin

BIOLOGY - Organ System (4 decks)

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