ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Flashcards
responsible for the secretion of hormones needed in the development, growth and development of organism
Endocrine System
long-distance chemical signals which travel via blood or lymph
Hormones
concerned with maintaining homeostasis such as maintaining blood glucose levels via the action of Insulin and Glucagon, or the metabolic processes via the action of the thyroid hormones (T3,T4)
Hormones
Is exocrine ductless gland
False - Duct Gland
Is endocrine ductless gland
True
What does exocrine secretes? How do they transfer it? What are the target organ?
Enzymes, thru duct, to the organ near the gland
What does endocrine secretes? How do they transfer it? What are the target organ?
Hormones, thru bloodstream, to the organ distant from the gland
stimulates development of male sex organs and secondary sex characteristics
Testosterone - Testis
stimulate development of female sex organs and secondary sex characteristics, maturation follicles, formation and maintenance of bone tissue, and contraction of the uterine wall
Estrogens (Estradiol, estrone, estriol) - Ovary
Stimulates secretion of substances from the lining of the uterus in preparation for egg implantation in the uterine wall
Progesterone - Ovary
stimulates cellular metabolism, lipid production, carbohydrate utilization, and CNS and ANS activation
Thyroxine 4 (T4) Thyroxine 3 (T3) - Thyroid Gland
stimulates “fight or flight” response
Increase heart rate
dilates blood vessels
increases oxygen
increases blood glucose
Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) - Adrenal Gland, Medulla
activates physiological stress response to maintain blood glucose concentrations, augments constriction of blood vessels to maintains blood pressure, and stimulates anti-inflammatory pathways
Cortisol (Glucocorticoid) - Adrenal Gland, Cortex
Regulates balance of salt and water in the body
Aldosterone (Mineralocorticoid) - Adrenal Gland, Cortex
Contribute to growth and development of the male reproductive system and serve as precursors to testosterone and estrogen
Androgens - Adrenal Gland, Cortex
Stimulates growth and secretion of cells of the adrenal cortex; increases skin pigmentation
Corticotropin (Adrenocorticotropic) - Pituitary gland, Anterior Lobe
Stimulates growth of essentially all tissues in the body
Growth Hormone (GH, Somatotropin) - Pituitary gland, Anterior Lobe
Stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone and growth of thyroid cells
Thyrotropin (Thyroid Simulating Hormone, TSH) - Pituitary gland, Anterior Lobe
Stimulates maturation of egg follicles in females and development of spermatozoa in males
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) - Pituitary gland, Anterior Lobe
Stimulates rupture of mature egg follicles and production of progesterone and androgens in females and secretions of androgens in males
Luteinizing hormone (LH; interstitial cell stimulating hormones, ICSH) - Pituitary gland, Anterior Lobe
Stimulated and maintains lactation in breastfeeding mothers
Prolactin (PRL) - Pituitary gland, Anterior Lobe
Stimulates milk ejection or letdown during breastfeeding and uterine muscle contraction during childbirth
Oxytocin - Pituitary Gland, Posterior
Regulates fluid volume by increasing or decreasing fluid excretion in response to changes in blood pressure
Vasopressin (Antidiuretic Hormone, ADH) - Pituitary Gland, Posterior
Stimulate melanin synthesis in skin cells to increase pigmentation; may also suppress appetite
Melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSH) - Pituitary Gland, intermediate lobe
Stimulates synthesis and secretion of corticotropin from the anterior pituitary gland
Corticotropin-releasing hormone - Hypothalamus
Simulates synthesis and secretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) - Hypothalamus
Stimulates and regulates secretion of thyrotropin from the anterior pituitary gland and may modulate neuronal activity in the brain and spinal cord
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) - Hypothalamus
Stimulates synthesis and secretion of FSH and LH
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone - Hypothalamus
inhibits secretion of PRL (prolactin)
Prolactin-Inhibiting factor (Dopamine) - Hypothalamus
inhibits secretion of GH (growth hormone) glucagon, and GI hormones
Somatostatin - Hypothalamus
Release by ALPHA cells; maintains blood glucose concentrations by stimulating release of glucose from the liver
Glucagon - Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans
Release by BETA cells; stimulates glucose uptake and storage in adipose, muscle, and liver
Insulin - Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans
Increases serum calcium concentrations from bone tissue
Parathyroid Hormone (Parathormone) - Parathyroid Gland/ PTH
Decreases serum calcium concentrations by promoting uptake of calcium into bone tissue
Calcitonin
