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A&P II Lab > Endocrine System 1 > Flashcards

Endocrine System 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What hormones are responsible for the development of the secondary sex characteristics of the female at puberty and brings about cyclic changes in the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle (with progesterone)?

A

Estrogens

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2
Q

What hormone brings about cyclic changes in the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle (with estrogen), as well as maintaining the uterine musculature in a quiescent state during pregnancy and preparing breast tissue for?

A

Progesterone

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3
Q

Which is the Prohormone that is slit by enzymes into ACTH and MSH?

A

Pro-opiomelanocortin

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4
Q

What stimulates the liver to break down glycogen, when blood glucose is low, to glucose and release it into the blood?

A

Glucagon

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5
Q

What hormone causes the distal and collecting tubules of the kidneys to reabsorb more water from the urinary filtrate, thereby reducing urine output and conserving body water?

A

Antidiuretic Hormone(ADH)

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6
Q

What substance decreases blood sugar levels by accelerating transport of glucose into the body’s cells?

A

Insulin

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7
Q

What hormone is known to play a role in biological rhythms, also may exert some inhibitory effect on the reproductive system that prevents precocious sexual maturation?

A

Melatonin

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8
Q

What hormone stimulates powerful uterine contractions during childbirth and coitus and also causes milk ejection in nursing mothers?

A

Oxytocin

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9
Q

What hormone regulates the endocrine activity of the cortex region of the adrenal gland?

A

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

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10
Q

What hormone causes release of calcium from the bone matrix and prods the kidney to reabsorb more calcium and less phosphate from the filtrate?

A

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

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11
Q

Which hormone influences the growth and activity of the thyroid gland?

A

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)/ Thyrotropin

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12
Q

What is a general metabolic hormone that plays a role in determining body size, growth of muscle and long bones of the body?

A

Growth Hormone (GH)

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13
Q

Which hormone stimulates breast development and promotes and maintains lactation by the mammary glands after childbirth?

A

Prolactin

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14
Q

Which hormone decreases blood calcium levels by stimulating calcium salt deposit in bones?

A

Calcitonin

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15
Q

What hormone regulates water and electrolyte balance in the extracellular fluids mainly by regulating sodium reabsorption in the kidneys?

A

Aldosterone/Mineralcorticoids

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16
Q

What hormone stimulates a target organ, that is an endocrine organ, to secrete it’s hormones?

A

A Tropic Hormone

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17
Q

Abnormal hairiness due to hyposecretions of the ganodocorticoids is called?

A

Hirsutism

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18
Q

ADH and Oxytocin are produced in what two neuronal regions of the hypothalamus?

A

Paraventricular Nuclei/Supraoptic Nuclei

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19
Q

What hormone is responsible for the development of the secondary sex characteristics of the male at puberty and is responsible for the sex drive/libido?

A

Testosterone

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20
Q

Give one symptom of Hypoglycemia.

A

Anxiety/Nervousness/Tremors/Weakness

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21
Q

Give the characteristics of Diabetes Mellitus.

A

Characterized by the inability of body cells to utilize glucose and it’s subsequent loss in the urine

22
Q

Hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults result in what?

A

Acromegaly

23
Q

Hypersecretion of growth hormone in children results in what?

A

Gigantism

24
Q

Hypersecretion of gonadocorticoids may cause what condition?

A

Hirsutism/Virilism/Gynecomastia

25
Q

Hyposecretion of ADH results in dehydration from excessive urine output, what is this condition called?

A

Diabetes Insipidus

26
Q

Hyposecretion of growth hormone in children results in what?

A

Pituitary Dwarfism

27
Q

In what adrenal cortex zona are the glucocorticoids produced?

A

Zona Fasciculata/ Zona Reticularis

28
Q

In what adrenal cortex zona are the mineralcorticoids produced?

A

Zona Glomerulosa

29
Q

In what adrenal cortex zona are the sex hormones produced?

A

Zona Reticularis

30
Q

Low blood sugar is called?

A

Hypoglycemia

31
Q

Mental and physical sluggishness in adults caused by hyposecretion of thyroxine is called?

A

Myxedema

32
Q

Name one Gonadocorticoid hormone.

A

Estrogens/Androgens

33
Q

Name one Gonadotropic hormone.

A

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)/ Lutenizing Hormone (LH)

34
Q

Name one hormonal product of the pancreas.

A

Insulin/ Glucagon

35
Q

Name one hormone produced by medullar region of the adrenal gland.

A

Epinephrine/ Norepinephrine

36
Q

Name one of the hormonal products of the thymus.

A

Thymulin/ Thymosins/ Thymopoietins

37
Q

Name one of the hormones produced by the female gonads.

A

Progesterone/ Estrogens

38
Q

Name one of the hormones that acts in conjunction with the sympathetic nervous system to elicit the fight-or-flight response to stressors.

A

Epinephrine/ Norepinephrine

39
Q

Name one of the human gonads.

A

Ovaries/ Testes

40
Q

Name the disease produced by hyposecretion of insulin.

A

Diabetes Mellitus

41
Q

Name the female sex hormones

A

Estrogens

42
Q

Name the gland and region of the gland that produces the corticosteroids.

A

Adrenal Cortex

43
Q

Name the gland that lies superior to the kidneys.

A

Adrenal/ Suprarenal Glands

44
Q

Name the male sex hormones.

A

Androgens

45
Q

Name the second major control system of the body (with the nervous system) that coordinates and integrates the activity of the body’s cells.

A

The Endocrine System

46
Q

Organs that respond to a particular hormone are referred to as what?

A

Target Organs

47
Q

What organ produces neurosecretions, releasing and inhibiting hormones that control the pituitary?

A

The Hypothalamus

48
Q

Prolonged muscle spasm that can result in respiratory paralysis and death due to hyposecretion of PTH is called?

A

Tetany

49
Q

What organ is both an endocrine and an exocrine gland?

A

The Pancreas

50
Q

The active D3 form of vitamin D is called?

A

Calcitriol

A&P II Lab (5 decks)

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