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A&P Endocrine System > Endocrine Sys > Flashcards

Endocrine Sys Flashcards

1
Q

To secrete within

A

Endocrine

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2
Q

Influences metabolic activities of cells by means of hormones.

A

Endocrine

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3
Q

Whats the function of Endocrine?

A

Integrates body stems (Homeostasis) by using chemical messengers (hormones) for communication.

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4
Q

What do effectors do?

A

Responsive body parts. (Autonomic Nervous System)

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5
Q

What are Hormones?

A

Substances secreted by an endocrine gland into the bloodstream that acts on a specific target tissue to produce a given response.

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6
Q

What do Hormones do?

A

Alters metabolic activity (To maintain Homeostasis)

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7
Q

What are the levels hormones can be influenced by?

A

A. Stress
B. Infection
C. Changes in balance of fluid & minerals in the blood

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8
Q

What are hormone characteristics?

A
  1. Needed in small characteristics
  2. Very Potent
  3. Long lasting effects in target cells
  4. Regulates Metabolic Processes (Homeostasis)
  5. Regulates negative feedback
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9
Q

Endocrine gland functions

A

Glands are ductless/ Hormones that control metabolic processes.

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10
Q

Exocrine gland functions

A

Glands that have a duct- sweat/ sebaceous

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11
Q

What do tropic hormones do?

A

Target other endocrine glands to stimulate growth/secretions.

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12
Q

What do Sex hormones do?

A

Target reproductive tissues/glands

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13
Q

What do anabolic hormones do?

A

Stimulates Anabolism in target cells

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14
Q

Hormones that are not transported through the bloodstream

A

Local Hormones

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15
Q

Act on neighboring cells

A

Paracrine secretions

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16
Q

Act on source itself

A

Autocrine secretions

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17
Q

Paracrine substances

A

Prostaglandins

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18
Q

Not hormones structurally

A

Prostaglandins

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19
Q

Produced by tissues for a particular organ

A

Tissue Hormones

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20
Q

Regulates cellular responses to hormones

A

Prostaglandins

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21
Q

Wide variety of functions

A

Prostaglandins

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22
Q

Act locally

A

Prostaglandins

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23
Q

Very potent in small quantities

A

Prostaglandins

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24
Q

Most hormones are either steroid or steroid like substances or non steroids.

A

Chemistry of hormones

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25
Q

Produced from cholesterol

A

Steroids

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26
Q

Structural lipids

A

Steroids

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27
Q

Fat soluble

A

Steroids

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28
Q

Passes easily through the target cell membrane

A

Steroids

29
Q

Acts on a receptor inside the nucleus

A

Steroid

30
Q

Testosterone/Estrogen

A

Sex Hormones

31
Q

Aldosterone/Cortisol

A

Adrenal Cortex Hormones

32
Q

Insoluble in water

A

Steroid Hormones

33
Q

Soluble in lipids

A

Steroid Hormones

34
Q

Can diffuse into cells easily

A

Steroid Hormones

35
Q

Hormones combine with receptor in the nucleus of the cell

A

Steroid Hormones

36
Q

Some cells have have more than one type of a receptor

A

Steroid Hormone

37
Q

Alters the chemical process of that cell

A

Steroid Hormones

38
Q

Produced from amino acids

A

Nonsteroids

39
Q

Requires a receptor on the target cell membrane

A

Water soluble

40
Q

Proteins are?

A

Water soluble

41
Q

Glycoproteins

A

Water solubles

42
Q

Most hormones

A

Water soluble

43
Q

1st step of the second-messenger mechanism

A

The hormones binds to receptor on cell membrane.

44
Q

2nd step of the second-messenger mechanism

A

The hormone passes message on to second receptor inside the cell which carries out the cellular changes

45
Q

Hormones produce one or more of the following cellular changes in target cells

A

Mechanism of hormone action

46
Q

Alters plasma membrane permeability or changes the membrane potential of both by opening/closing ion channels

A

Mechanism of hormone action

47
Q

Stimulates protein synthesis

A

Mechanism of hormone action

48
Q

Activates/deactivates enzyme systems

A

Mechanism of hormone action

49
Q

Induces secretory activity

A

Mechanism of hormone action

50
Q

Stimulates mitosis

A

Mechanism of hormone action

51
Q

Hormones circulate to all tissues but only activate cells referred to as target cell

A

Target cell specificity

52
Q

Target cells must have specific receptors for the hormones to bind to

A

Target cell specifity

53
Q

These receptors may be intracellular or on the plasma membrane

A

Target cell specifity

54
Q

What does Target Cell Activation depend on?

A
  1. Blood levels of the hormones
  2. Number of receptors on the target cell. (more receptors on target, cell has greater response)
  3. The affinity of these receptors for the hormone.
55
Q

The number of receptors on a target cell may do what?

A

Change

56
Q

What does up-regulation do?

A

Increases in the number of receptors in a target cell.

Due to prolonged decrease in the level of a hormone.

57
Q

What does down-regulation do?

A

Decrease in the number of receptors on a target cell.

Due to prolonged increase in the level of a hormone.

58
Q

Control of hormone secretion is essential to maintaining what?

A

The internal environment

59
Q

What does the Hypothalmus control?

A

The anterior pituitary glands release of tropic hormones.

60
Q

Hormone secretion is primarily controlled by what?

A

Negative feedback mechanism

61
Q

Collection of specialized cells located in the lower central part of the brain

A

Hypothalamus

62
Q

The hypothalamus is the primary link between what?

A

The endocrine and the nervous system

63
Q

Controls the pituitary gland by producing chemicals that either stimulate or suppress hormone secretions from the pituitary.

A

Hypothalamus

64
Q

Pituitary gland is also known as the what?

A

Hypothalamus

65
Q

Two lobed organ that secretes major hormones

A

Hypothalamus

66
Q

Location of the Hypothalamus

A

Base of the brain

67
Q

Sits in the sella turcica

A

Hypothalamus

68
Q

Attached to the hypothalamus by?

A

The infidibulum

69
Q

How big is the hypothalamus

A

1 cm

A&P Endocrine System (1 decks)

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