Endocrine Sustem Flashcards
endocrine glands & example
produce hormones and lack ducks & thyroid
exocrine glands & example
produce nonhormonal substances
mixed gland example
pancreas, ovaries, testes
interaction between hypothalamus and pituitary gland
anterior lobe & posterior lobe. the hypothalamus regulates the function of the pituitary gland
hormones produced by hypothalamus and pituitary gland & their effect
Oxytocin- reduction of blood pressure and cortisol levels
Antidiuretic- controls blood pressure and conserves water
microanatomy of the thyroid gland
microanatomy- thyroid follicular, parafollicular, and endothelial cells
hormones the thyroid gland & some primary effects
T4 and T3, some primary effects are every cell in the body and controls functions such as heart rate, body temp, digestion
synthesis of thyroxine
relies on sufficient iodine levels
synthesis of triiodothyronine
when an MIT mixes up wit DIT
In a lack of intake of iodine, why is a goiter produced?
iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones, lack of iodine intake can result in goiter
symptoms of hypothyroidism
fatigue, puffy face, weight gain, increased blood cholesterol level
What hormones do the zona glomerulosa produce, and what do they do?
mineralocorticoid hormones (aldosterone)
What hormones do the zona fasciculata produce, and what do they do?
glucocorticoids
What hormones do the zona reticularis produce, and what do they do?
androgens (sex hormones) & they convert into testosterone or estrogen
What hormones do the adrenal medulla produce, and what do they do?
catecholamines and they help your body respond to stress
Renin- angiotensin mechanism
hormonal system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance in the body
Cushing’s disease
a condition caused by too much cortisol in the body
Cushing’s disease effects and cause
bone loss, type 2 diabetes, weight gain, hypertension & caused by having too much cortisol in the body
Effects of epinephrine and where it is secreted from
adrenaline, a hormone secreted mainly by the medulla of the adrenal glands
Effects of non-epinephrine and where it is secreted from
keeps brain and body running efficiently & is secreted from adrenal glands
Major cells of the pancreas
beta cells, alpha cells, delta cells, pancreatic polypeptide cells
What do the main cells in the pancreas secrete & what do they do
they secrete insulin & they regulate glucose metabolism
Signs of diabetes mellitus
often urination, more thirsty, blurry vision, more infections
What is ketoacidosis
a serious complication of diabetes (metabolic state)
What other hormones are secreted by the kidney
renin
What other hormones are secreted by the heart
ANP, BNP
What other hormones are secreted by the GI tract
glucagon, gastrin, secretin
What other hormones are secreted by the skin
insulin, melatonin, estrogen
