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Biol 2402 > Endocrine Study Guide > Flashcards

Endocrine Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located?

A

Base of the brain

The pituitary gland is often referred to as the ‘master gland’ because it controls several other hormone glands.

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2
Q

Name two hormones produced by the hypothalamus.

A
  • Antidiuretic hormone
  • Oxytocin

These hormones are critical for various bodily functions, including water balance and childbirth.

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3
Q

What hormones are produced by the pituitary gland?

A
  • LH
  • FSH
  • Prolactin
  • ACTH
  • GH
  • TSH

These hormones regulate various physiological processes, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction.

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4
Q

What hormone is associated with the pineal gland?

A

Melatonin

Melatonin is involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles.

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5
Q

Which hormones are produced by the thyroid gland?

A
  • Thyroxine
  • Triiodothyronine
  • Calcitonin

These hormones are essential for metabolism and calcium regulation.

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6
Q

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

A

On the neck, on the thyroid

The parathyroid glands play a key role in regulating calcium levels in the blood.

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7
Q

What hormone is produced by the parathyroid glands?

A

Parathyroid hormone

Parathyroid hormone is vital for maintaining calcium homeostasis.

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8
Q

Where is the thymus gland located?

A

Chest, behind sternum

The thymus is important for immune function, particularly in the development of T-cells.

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9
Q

What hormones are produced by the thymus gland?

A
  • Thymosin
  • Thymopoietin

These hormones are critical for the development of the immune system.

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10
Q

What hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands?

A
  • Epinephrine
  • Norepinephrine

These hormones are involved in the body’s response to stress.

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11
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

A

Abdomen

The pancreas plays a dual role in digestion and blood sugar regulation.

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12
Q

What hormones are produced by the pancreas?

A
  • Insulin
  • Glucagon

Insulin lowers blood sugar levels, while glucagon raises them.

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13
Q

What hormone is produced by the testes?

A

Testosterone

Testosterone is crucial for male reproductive development and function.

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14
Q

What hormones are produced by the ovaries?

A
  • Progesterone
  • Estrogen

These hormones are key in regulating the female reproductive system and menstrual cycle.

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15
Q
A
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16
Q

What is the organ that secretes Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

A

Hypothalamus

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17
Q

What is the main effect of Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

A

Increase water retention, reduce urine output

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18
Q

What organ secretes Oxytocin?

A

Hypothalamus

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19
Q

What are the target tissues of Oxytocin?

A

Uterus, mammary glands

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20
Q

What are the main effects of Oxytocin?

A

Labor contractions, promotes milk ejection

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21
Q

Which hormone is secreted by the Pituitary Gland that stimulates the thyroid?

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

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22
Q

What is the target tissue of Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

A

Thyroid Gland

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23
Q

What are the main effects of Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

A

Stimulates thyroid to make T3 and T4

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24
Q

What organ secretes Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

A

Pituitary Gland

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25
What is the target tissue of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?
Adrenal Cortex
26
What are the main effects of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?
Stimulates cortisol production
27
What hormone stimulates growth and is secreted by the Pituitary Gland?
Growth hormone (GH)
28
What are the target tissues of Growth hormone (GH)?
Muscle, Bone
29
What is the main effect of Growth hormone (GH)?
Stimulates growth
30
Which hormone is responsible for milk production and is secreted by the Pituitary Gland?
Prolactin (PRL)
31
What are the target tissues of Prolactin (PRL)?
Mammary Glands
32
What is the main effect of Prolactin (PRL)?
Milk production
33
What organ secretes Melatonin?
Pineal Gland
34
What is the main effect of Melatonin?
Promotes sleep, regulates sleep-wake cycles
35
What hormones are secreted by the Thyroid?
Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)
36
What are the target tissues of Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)?
Most body cells
37
What is the main effect of Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)?
Increases metabolic rate
38
Which hormone secreted by the Thyroid lowers blood calcium?
Calcitonin
39
What are the target tissues of Calcitonin?
Bones
40
What is the main effect of Calcitonin?
Lowers blood calcium
41
What hormones are secreted by the Thymus?
Thymosin and Thymopoietin
42
What are the target tissues of Thymosin and Thymopoietin?
T lymphocytes
43
What is the main effect of Thymosin and Thymopoietin?
T-cell maturation
44
What hormone is secreted by the Parathyroid Glands?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
45
What are the target tissues of Parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Bones, Kidneys, Intestines
46
What is the main effect of Parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Increases blood calcium
47
What hormone is secreted by the Adrenal Glands that increases glucose production?
Cortisol
48
What are the target tissues of Cortisol?
Liver, Muscles, Adipose tissue
49
What is the main effect of Cortisol?
Increases glucose production
50
What hormone secreted by the Adrenal Glands increases sodium and water retention?
Aldosterone
51
What are the target tissues of Aldosterone?
Kidneys
52
What is the main effect of Aldosterone?
Increases sodium and water retention
53
Which hormones are secreted by the Adrenal Glands that increase heart rate and blood pressure?
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
54
What are the target tissues of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine?
Heart, Lungs, Muscles
55
What is the main effect of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine?
Increases heart rate and blood pressure
56
What hormone is secreted by the Pancreas that lowers blood glucose?
Insulin
57
What are the target tissues of Insulin?
Liver, Muscles
58
What is the main effect of Insulin?
Lowers blood glucose
59
What hormone is secreted by the Pancreas that increases blood glucose?
Glucagon
60
What are the target tissues of Glucagon?
Liver, Muscles
61
What is the main effect of Glucagon?
Increases blood glucose
62
What hormones are secreted by the Ovaries?
Estrogen & Progesterone
63
What are the target tissues of Estrogen & Progesterone?
Uterus, Ovaries, Mammary glands
64
What are the main effects of Estrogen & Progesterone?
Menstrual cycle, pregnancy
65
What hormone is secreted by the Testes?
Testosterone
66
What are the target tissues of Testosterone?
Male reproductive organs
67
What is the main effect of Testosterone?
Sperm production
68
What hormone secreted by the Pituitary Gland stimulates sperm production and egg development?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
69
What are the target tissues of Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?
Ovaries and Testes
70
What hormone stimulates ovulation and testosterone production and is secreted by the Pituitary Gland?
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
71
What are the target tissues of Luteinizing hormone (LH)?
Ovaries and Testes
72
What are the main effects of Luteinizing hormone (LH)?
Stimulates ovulation, testosterone production

Biol 2402 (2 decks)

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