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Acute Gero 3 > Endocrine Review > Flashcards

Endocrine Review Flashcards

1
Q

insulin helps transport

A
  • carbs
  • glucose
  • protein

(watersoluble)

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2
Q

A1c Gold standard range

A

> 6.5
or
fasting glucose > 126, 2 reading on 2 different occasions

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3
Q

Prediabetic A1c

A

5.7 - 6.4

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4
Q

Type 1 DM s/s

A
  • weight loss
  • decreased muscle mass
  • dehydration

Goal A1c- < 7%

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5
Q

Type 2 DM s/s

A
  • vascular changes
  • non healing skin rashes
  • loss of hair in extremities

Goal A1c- < 7%

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6
Q

First line DM meds unless contraindicated are

A

Biguanide
Ex.
Metformin (Glucophage)

monitor for B12 deficiency
Discontinue GFR < 30

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7
Q

Thiazolidinedione (TZD)

Pioglitazone (Actos)
Rosiglitazone (Avandia)

A
  • works on fasting and postprandial glucose
  • AVOID in HF patients due to fluid retention
  • AVOID in RENAL patients
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8
Q

Sulfonylurea (SU)

Ex. Glipizide (Glucotrol)
Glyburide (DiaBeta)
Glimepiride (Amaryl)

A

increases insulin release from beta cell

T2DM, older adults with severe hyperglycemia

  • NOT recommended in Renal impairment
  • may have a hypoglycemia risk
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9
Q

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DDP-4) inhibitor

Ex.
Sitagliptin (Januvia)
Saxagliptan (Onglyza)
Linagliptan (Tradjenta)
Alogliptin (Nesina)

A
  • increases insulin release, largely works on glucose post eating.
  • Pancreatitis Risk
  • CAN be used in renal impairment but requires dose adjustments
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10
Q

GLP-1 agonist (INJECTION ONLY)

Exenatide (Bydureon, Byetta)
Liraglutide (Victoza, Saxenda)
Albiglutide (Tanzeum)

A
  • increase insulin release post meal (low hypoglycemia risk)
  • slows gastric emptying
  • DISCONTINUE in Pancreatitis
  • CONTRAINDICTED in gastroparesis
  • DO NOT order in renal impairment/ESRD
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11
Q

Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor

Ex.
Canagliflozin (Invokana)
Dapagliflozin ( Farxiga)
Empafliflozin (Jardiance)

A

LOWERS PLASMA GLUCOSE by INCREASING the amount of glucose excreted in urine

  • RISK of UTI’s
  • dose adjustment or DC in renal impairment
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12
Q

DKA treatment (Type 1 Diabetes)

A
  • treatment underlying
  • Fluid replacement (isotonic) then 0.45% NS
  • electrolyte replacement
  • insulin therapy
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13
Q

HNS treatment

A
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14
Q

HNS symptoms

A
  • sever dehydration
  • glucose > 600
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15
Q

DKA symptoms

A
  • polydipsia, polyuria, dehydration, N/V, abd pain, chnges in mental status
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Acute Gero 3 (6 decks)

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