Endocrine Pharmacology

Question 1

Thromboxanes, prostaglandins and leukotrienes are derived from?

Answer 1

Arachidonic acid

Question 2

Dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenalin are classified as?

Answer 2

Catecholamines

Question 3

Is nitric oxide a hormone?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

Receptors to which molecules are ligand-gated ion channels?

Answer 4

Receptors to GABA, Ach, ATP and glutamate

Question 5

Receptors to which molecules are G-protein coupled receptors?

Answer 5

PTH, oxytocin, somatostatin, catecholamine

Question 6

Receptors to which molecules are enzyme-linked receptors?

Answer 6

Insulin, cytokines

Question 7

Receptors to which hormones are classified as nuclear receptors?

Answer 7

Steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, vitamin D

Question 8

Ion channels change the

Answer 8

Membrane potential of the cell

Question 9

Ligand gated ion channels are

Answer 9

Ionotropic receptors

Question 10

Ligand gated ion channels have an immediate

Answer 10

Effect

Question 11

G- protein coupled receptors are

Answer 11

Metabotropic receptors

Question 12

Examples of metabotropic receptors are

Answer 12

Muscarinic and Ach receptor

Question 13

Kinase-linked receptors take how long to induce its effects?

Answer 13

Hours

Question 14

What is an example of a kinase-linked receptor?

Answer 14

Cytokine receptor

Question 15

Nuclear receptors take how long to induce its effect?

Answer 15

Hours

Question 16

An example of a nuclear receptor is?

Answer 16

Oestrogen receptor

Question 17

What does Gas do?

Answer 17

Stimulates adenylyl cyclase, causing increased cAMP formation

Question 18

What does Gai do?

Answer 18

Inhibits adenylyl cyclase formation decreasing cAMP formation

Question 19

What does Gaq do?

Answer 19

Activates phospholipase C increasing production of second messengers inositol triphosphate and diacylglycerol

Question 20

What are some parts of the nuclear receptor?

Answer 20

N-terminus AF1 Co-activator region/Core DNA binding domain with ‘zinc fingers’ / Hinge region/ Ligand-binding domain AF2 Co-activator region HSP binding/ C terminal extension

Question 21

What are some characteristics of the Class 1 nuclear receptors?

Answer 21

Present in the cytoplasm, operate as homodimers, mainly endocrine ligands, high affinity

Question 22

What are some characteristics of the hybrid class of nuclear receptors?

Answer 22

Mainly endocrine/operate as RXR heterodimers

Question 23

What are some characteristics of class 3 nuclear receptors?

Answer 23

Present in nucleus/operate as heterodimers/ mainly lipid ligands/low affinity

Question 24

Glucocorticoid receptors are an example of which class of nuclear receptor?

Answer 24

Class I

Question 25

PPR and retinoid receptors are examples of?

Answer 25

Class 3 nuclear receptors

Question 26

Hybrid class nuclear receptors can be found where?

Answer 26

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm or nucleus

Question 27

When we think about food out brain will start to release

Answer 27

Noradrenaline and acetylcholine

Question 28

When we start to think about food, a small concentration of what hormones are released?

Answer 28

Gastrin, cholecystokinin, GIP, petide YY and GLP-1/2

Question 29

Glucagon is released in response to?

Answer 29

A decrease in carbohydrates, lipids and proteins

Question 30

Somatostatins function in the GI tract is

Answer 30

Inhibitory