Endocrine Pharm

Question 1

Diabetic ketoacidosis sx

Answer 1

Polyuria, polydipsia, nausea, fatigue, dehydration, kussmaul breathing, fruity breath

Question 2

Insulin release

Answer 2

Increased by: glucose, sulfonylureas, M-agonists, B2-agonists
Decr by: a2-agonists

Question 3

Anastrazole

Answer 3

Aromatase inhib -> decr estrogen synthesis

Use: estrogen-dependent postmenopausal breast cancer

Question 4

Clomiphene (fertility pill)

Answer 4

MOA: Partial agonist- decr feedback inhib -> incr FSH and LH -> incr ovulation -> preg

Question 5

Tamoxifen

Answer 5

Selective estrogen receptor modulators

• agonist @ bone, endometrium
• antag @ breast
• incr risk of endometrial cancer

Question 6

Raloxifene

Answer 6

SERM

• agonist @ bone
• antag @ breast, endometrium
• tx osteoporosis & breast cancer & no incr risk of endometrial cancer

Question 7

Flutamide

Answer 7

• androgen receptor blocker
• use in androgen-receptor positive prostate cancer
• give with leuprolide to stop cancer flare

Question 8

Leuprolide

Answer 8

GnRH analog

• continuous = desensatization = block release
• use in androgen receptor positive prostate cancer
• decr testosteron

Question 9

Finasteride

Answer 9

5-a-reductase inhib

• decr DHT
• use: BPH, male pattern baldness
• teratogen

Question 10

Minoxidil

Answer 10

Use for hair growth

Question 11

PTU, Propranolol in thyroid

Answer 11

Work in periphery: inhibit T4 -> T3

-B-blockers are useful for ameliorating thyrotoxic sxs, such as palpitation, anxiety, tremor, & heat intolerance

Question 12

PTU, methimazole in thyroid

Answer 12

Block thyroid hormone synthesis

• cause AGRANULOCYTOSIS
• can have severe liver failure with PTU

Question 13

Octreotide

Answer 13

• somatostatin analog

- use: acromegaly, carcinoid and secretory-GI tumors ( ZES, VIPomas), esophageal varices

Question 14

Desmopressin (V2 selective)

Answer 14

-use: neurogenic (pituitary) diabetes insipidus, primary nocturnal enuresis

Question 15

What phase does bleomycin work in

Answer 15

G2 phase

Question 16

lovastatin, pravastatin

Answer 16

HMG-CoA reductase inhibs

• decr LDL
• inhib conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate
• hepatotoxicity, myopathy

Question 17

cholestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam

Answer 17

Bile acid resins

• decr LDL
• prevent intestinal reabsorption of bile acids in intestine

Question 18

ezetimibe

Answer 18

prevent cholesterol absorption at the SI brush border. to compensate the liver increases LDL receptor expression, which draws cholesterol out of the circulation

Question 19

gemfibrozil, bezafibrate, fenofibrate

Answer 19

fibrates

• decr TGs
• activate PPAR-a
• decr VLDL synthesis
• risk of myopathy (incr risk with statins)
• cholesterol gallstones

Question 20

niacin (B3)

Answer 20

incr HDL

• red, flushed face, decr by NSAIDs or long term use
• pruritis, hyperuricemia/gout