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Endocrine Pharmacology > Endocrine Pharm > Flashcards

Endocrine Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Somatropin

A

Genetically engineered analog of GH
Acts by stimulating the production of IGF-1
Mechanism is through CAMP upregulation

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2
Q

Sermorelin

A

Synthetic GHRH
Stimulates Gs subunit upregulating CAMP
Causes release of GH

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3
Q

Mecasermin

A

Recombinant form of IGF-1

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4
Q

Pegvisoment

A

GH Antagonist
Blocks the binding of GH to GH receptors
Prevents synthesis and release of IGF-1

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5
Q

Bromocriptine

A

Dopamine agonist

Acts at the D2 receptor to inhibit the secretion of prolactin and GH in cells that express the receptor

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6
Q

Cabergoline

A

Dopamine agonist

Acts at the D2 receptor to inhibit the secretion of prolactin and GH in cells that express the receptor

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7
Q

Octreotide

A

Synthetic analog of SST
Longer half life than SST
Stimulates the Gi subunit decreasing the synthesis and release of GH

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8
Q

Pasireotide

A

SST Analog
Can also inhibit secretion of ACTH
Approved for treatment of Cushings Disease

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9
Q

Thyroglobulin

A

Proloid
Thyroid Hormone
Potency of each preperation varies

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10
Q

Sodium Levothyroxin

A

Synthroid

Drug of choice for Myxedema

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11
Q

Sodium Lyothyronine

A

T3

Short acting, rapid onset

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12
Q

Lugol’s Solution

A

Potassium and Iodide in high concentration in solution

High concentration of Iodide inhibits thyroid hormone secretion

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13
Q

I131

A

Radioactive Iodine

Drug of choice for destroying toxic adenoma

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14
Q

Prednisone

A

Oral corticosteroid
Can block the intestinal absorption of Calcium
Can be used in hypercalcemia

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15
Q

Bisphosphonates

A

Bind to hydroxyapetite to prevent the resorption of bone

Used in Paget’s disease and Osteoporosis/penia

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16
Q

Teriparitide

A

Human PTH
Stimulates new bone growth
Reduces vertebral fracture risk 65%

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17
Q

Raloxifine

A

SERM
Similar to hormone replacement but without increased risk of breast cancer
Increases estrogen

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18
Q

Methimazole

A

Inhibitor of thyroid peroxidase

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19
Q

PTU

A

Drug of choice for treatment of thyrotoxicosis is pregnant women
Inhibitor of TPO

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20
Q

Mercaptomidazole

A

DO NOT USE IN PREGNANCY

Inhibitor of TPO

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21
Q

Beclomethasone

A

Corticosteroid
Rapidly metabolized by the lungs
Can be taken by inhalation

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22
Q

Fluticasone

A

Corticosteroid
Taken orally
Undergoes significant first pass metabolism

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23
Q

Mifepristone

A

Glucocorticoid antagonist
Approved for hyperglycemia in Cushing’s syndrome patients
Also used for early term abortions

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24
Q

Spironolactone

A

Aldosterone inhibitor

Used for hypertension and CHF

25
Q

Eplerenone

A

Selective mineralocorticoid recepter antagonist

Less side effects than spironolactone

26
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Long acting glucocorticoid
Feedback inhibition on CRH prevents release of ACTH
Does not enter the CNS

27
Q

Metyrapone

A

Inhibits 11B-hydroxylation

Prevents biosynthesis of glucocorticoids

28
Q

Aminoglutethimide

A

Inhibits cholesterol to progenelone step of adrenal steroid biosynthesis

29
Q

Ketoconazole

A

Antifungal antibiotic that inhibits 11B Hydroxylase

30
Q

Insulin

A

Not active orally
Injected Subcutaneosly
Used to replace insulin not made by B cells

31
Q

Insulin lispro

A

Synthetic insulin
Absorbed more rapidly
Doesn’t dimerize upon injection
Can be injected just prior to eating

32
Q

NPH Insulin

A

Intermediate acting Insulin
Forms protamine zinc insulin
Insulin is released slowly from the complex

33
Q

Insulin Glargine

A

Ultra long acting synthetic insulin
Precipitates upon injection and slowly dissolves over time
Does not produce peak concentration

34
Q

Insulin Detemir

A

Newer peakless long acting insulin
Injected twice a day
Precipitates upon injection and dissolves over time

35
Q

Tolbutamide

A

First generation Sulfonylurea
Inhibit K+ efflux causing depolarization of B cells and the release of insulin
Can cause hypoglycemia

36
Q

Glyburide

A

Second generation sulfonylurea
Inhibit K+ efflux causing depolarization of B cells and the release of insulin
Can cause hypoglycemia

37
Q

Glipizide

A

Second generation sulfonylurea
Inhibit K+ efflux causing depolarization of B cells and the release of insulin
Can cause hypoglycemia

38
Q

Metformin

A

Inhibits gluconeogenesis in the liver
Almost never causes hypoglycemia
Can cause lactic acidosis

39
Q

Acarbose

A

Alpha glucosidase inhibitor slows breakdown of carbs in the intestines
If hypoglycemia occurs patient should take glucose tablets

40
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Decreases insulin resistance
May reduce risks of heart attack and stroke
Increases synthesis and translocation of glucose transporters

41
Q

Repaglinide

A

Same mechanism of action as sulfonylureas

42
Q

Sitagliptin

A

Inhibits DPP4 which normally breaks down GLP-1

Elevated levels of GLP-1 stimulate insulin release

43
Q

Canagliflozin

A

SGLT2 Inhibitor
Taken orally
Reduces reuptake of glucose in the kidney
Can cause mycotic infections and UTI

44
Q

Testosterone enanthate

A

IM 2x/month or transdermal preps

Synthetic testosterone replacement

45
Q

Testoderm

A

Testosterone coated film taped to the thin skin of the scrotum

46
Q

Androderm

A

Skin permeation enhancers added to the film
Patch can be placed anywhere
Permeation enhancers cause some skin irritation

47
Q

Androgel

A

Androderm in the form of a gel

Rubbed onto skin

48
Q

Danazol

A

Orally active androgens
Used in chronic angioedema
Stimulates hepatic synthesis of esterase inhibitor

49
Q

Stanozolol

A

Orally active androgens
Used in chronic angioedema
Stimulates hepatic synthesis of esterase inhibitor

50
Q

Flutamide

A

Androgen receptor antagonist
Limited efficacy due to increase in LH secretion that counteracts the effects
Used with GnRH analogues to treat metastatic prostate cancer

51
Q

Leuprolide

A

GHRH agonist that stimulates receptors interrupting normal pulsatile release
This downregulates production of FSH and LH

52
Q

Bicalutamide

A

Androgen receptor antagonist
Limited efficacy due to increase in LH secretion that counteracts the effects
Used with GnRH analogues to treat metastatic prostate cancer

53
Q

Cyproterone Acetate

A

Weak antagonist of the androgen receptor

Used to treat hirsutism is women

54
Q

Finasteride

A

Blocks type II 5a Reductase (prostate)
Prevents conversion of T to DHT
Approved for male pattern baldness

55
Q

Dutasteride

A

Blocks 5a reductase

Prevents conversion of T to DHT

56
Q

Sildenafil

A

PDE5 inhibitor
Prevents breakdown of cGMP
Nerves must be functional for erection to be achieved

57
Q

Alprostadil

A

PGE1 agonist
Causes increase in cAMP
Doesn’t require functional neurons
Injected into the penis

58
Q

Papaverine

A

Nonselective PDE inhibitor
Prevents breakdown of CAMP and CGMP
Injected into the penis

59
Q

Phenotolamine

A

A adrenergic receptor agonis
Constricts arterioles promoting erection
Injected into the penis

Endocrine Pharmacology (1 decks)

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