Endocrine Pharm

Question 1

Somatropin

Answer 1

Genetically engineered analog of GH
Acts by stimulating the production of IGF-1
Mechanism is through CAMP upregulation

Question 2

Sermorelin

Answer 2

Synthetic GHRH
Stimulates Gs subunit upregulating CAMP
Causes release of GH

Question 3

Mecasermin

Answer 3

Recombinant form of IGF-1

Question 4

Pegvisoment

Answer 4

GH Antagonist
Blocks the binding of GH to GH receptors
Prevents synthesis and release of IGF-1

Question 5

Bromocriptine

Answer 5

Dopamine agonist

Acts at the D2 receptor to inhibit the secretion of prolactin and GH in cells that express the receptor

Question 6

Cabergoline

Answer 6

Dopamine agonist

Acts at the D2 receptor to inhibit the secretion of prolactin and GH in cells that express the receptor

Question 7

Octreotide

Answer 7

Synthetic analog of SST
Longer half life than SST
Stimulates the Gi subunit decreasing the synthesis and release of GH

Question 8

Pasireotide

Answer 8

SST Analog
Can also inhibit secretion of ACTH
Approved for treatment of Cushings Disease

Question 9

Thyroglobulin

Answer 9

Proloid
Thyroid Hormone
Potency of each preperation varies

Question 10

Sodium Levothyroxin

Answer 10

Synthroid

Drug of choice for Myxedema

Question 11

Sodium Lyothyronine

Answer 11

T3

Short acting, rapid onset

Question 12

Lugol’s Solution

Answer 12

Potassium and Iodide in high concentration in solution

High concentration of Iodide inhibits thyroid hormone secretion

Question 13

I131

Answer 13

Radioactive Iodine

Drug of choice for destroying toxic adenoma

Question 14

Prednisone

Answer 14

Oral corticosteroid
Can block the intestinal absorption of Calcium
Can be used in hypercalcemia

Question 15

Bisphosphonates

Answer 15

Bind to hydroxyapetite to prevent the resorption of bone

Used in Paget’s disease and Osteoporosis/penia

Question 16

Teriparitide

Answer 16

Human PTH
Stimulates new bone growth
Reduces vertebral fracture risk 65%

Question 17

Raloxifine

Answer 17

SERM
Similar to hormone replacement but without increased risk of breast cancer
Increases estrogen

Question 18

Methimazole

Answer 18

Inhibitor of thyroid peroxidase

Question 19

PTU

Answer 19

Drug of choice for treatment of thyrotoxicosis is pregnant women
Inhibitor of TPO

Question 20

Mercaptomidazole

Answer 20

DO NOT USE IN PREGNANCY

Inhibitor of TPO

Question 21

Beclomethasone

Answer 21

Corticosteroid
Rapidly metabolized by the lungs
Can be taken by inhalation

Question 22

Fluticasone

Answer 22

Corticosteroid
Taken orally
Undergoes significant first pass metabolism

Question 23

Mifepristone

Answer 23

Glucocorticoid antagonist
Approved for hyperglycemia in Cushing’s syndrome patients
Also used for early term abortions

Question 24

Spironolactone

Answer 24

Aldosterone inhibitor

Used for hypertension and CHF

Question 25

Eplerenone

Answer 25

Selective mineralocorticoid recepter antagonist | Less side effects than spironolactone

Question 26

Dexamethasone

Answer 26

Long acting glucocorticoid Feedback inhibition on CRH prevents release of ACTH Does not enter the CNS

Question 27

Metyrapone

Answer 27

Inhibits 11B-hydroxylation | Prevents biosynthesis of glucocorticoids

Question 28

Aminoglutethimide

Answer 28

Inhibits cholesterol to progenelone step of adrenal steroid biosynthesis

Question 29

Ketoconazole

Answer 29

Antifungal antibiotic that inhibits 11B Hydroxylase

Question 30

Insulin

Answer 30

Not active orally Injected Subcutaneosly Used to replace insulin not made by B cells

Question 31

Insulin lispro

Answer 31

Synthetic insulin Absorbed more rapidly Doesn't dimerize upon injection Can be injected just prior to eating

Question 32

NPH Insulin

Answer 32

Intermediate acting Insulin Forms protamine zinc insulin Insulin is released slowly from the complex

Question 33

Insulin Glargine

Answer 33

Ultra long acting synthetic insulin Precipitates upon injection and slowly dissolves over time Does not produce peak concentration

Question 34

Insulin Detemir

Answer 34

Newer peakless long acting insulin Injected twice a day Precipitates upon injection and dissolves over time

Question 35

Tolbutamide

Answer 35

First generation Sulfonylurea Inhibit K+ efflux causing depolarization of B cells and the release of insulin Can cause hypoglycemia

Question 36

Glyburide

Answer 36

Second generation sulfonylurea Inhibit K+ efflux causing depolarization of B cells and the release of insulin Can cause hypoglycemia

Question 37

Glipizide

Answer 37

Second generation sulfonylurea Inhibit K+ efflux causing depolarization of B cells and the release of insulin Can cause hypoglycemia

Question 38

Metformin

Answer 38

Inhibits gluconeogenesis in the liver Almost never causes hypoglycemia Can cause lactic acidosis

Question 39

Acarbose

Answer 39

Alpha glucosidase inhibitor slows breakdown of carbs in the intestines If hypoglycemia occurs patient should take glucose tablets

Question 40

Pioglitazone

Answer 40

Decreases insulin resistance May reduce risks of heart attack and stroke Increases synthesis and translocation of glucose transporters

Question 41

Repaglinide

Answer 41

Same mechanism of action as sulfonylureas

Question 42

Sitagliptin

Answer 42

Inhibits DPP4 which normally breaks down GLP-1 | Elevated levels of GLP-1 stimulate insulin release

Question 43

Canagliflozin

Answer 43

SGLT2 Inhibitor Taken orally Reduces reuptake of glucose in the kidney Can cause mycotic infections and UTI

Question 44

Testosterone enanthate

Answer 44

IM 2x/month or transdermal preps | Synthetic testosterone replacement

Question 45

Testoderm

Answer 45

Testosterone coated film taped to the thin skin of the scrotum

Question 46

Androderm

Answer 46

Skin permeation enhancers added to the film Patch can be placed anywhere Permeation enhancers cause some skin irritation

Question 47

Androgel

Answer 47

Androderm in the form of a gel | Rubbed onto skin

Question 48

Danazol

Answer 48

Orally active androgens Used in chronic angioedema Stimulates hepatic synthesis of esterase inhibitor

Question 49

Stanozolol

Answer 49

Orally active androgens Used in chronic angioedema Stimulates hepatic synthesis of esterase inhibitor

Question 50

Flutamide

Answer 50

Androgen receptor antagonist Limited efficacy due to increase in LH secretion that counteracts the effects Used with GnRH analogues to treat metastatic prostate cancer

Question 51

Leuprolide

Answer 51

GHRH agonist that stimulates receptors interrupting normal pulsatile release This downregulates production of FSH and LH

Question 52

Bicalutamide

Answer 52

Androgen receptor antagonist Limited efficacy due to increase in LH secretion that counteracts the effects Used with GnRH analogues to treat metastatic prostate cancer

Question 53

Cyproterone Acetate

Answer 53

Weak antagonist of the androgen receptor | Used to treat hirsutism is women

Question 54

Finasteride

Answer 54

Blocks type II 5a Reductase (prostate) Prevents conversion of T to DHT Approved for male pattern baldness

Question 55

Dutasteride

Answer 55

Blocks 5a reductase | Prevents conversion of T to DHT

Question 56

Sildenafil

Answer 56

PDE5 inhibitor Prevents breakdown of cGMP Nerves must be functional for erection to be achieved

Question 57

Alprostadil

Answer 57

PGE1 agonist Causes increase in cAMP Doesn't require functional neurons Injected into the penis

Question 58

Papaverine

Answer 58

Nonselective PDE inhibitor Prevents breakdown of CAMP and CGMP Injected into the penis

Question 59

Phenotolamine

Answer 59

A adrenergic receptor agonis Constricts arterioles promoting erection Injected into the penis