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Pharmacology Exam 5 > Endocrine - Other > Flashcards

Endocrine - Other Flashcards

1
Q

Somatropin (Genotropin, HematroPen, Norditropin)

A

Synthetic GH

Treat growth failure; any cause of lack of GH (chronic kidney failure, Noonan, Turner, Prader-Willi)

S/E:
Hyperglycemia, new onset DM2
Hypothyroidism
Edema
Arthralgia

Contra:
Children with closed epiphyses
Cancer
Diabetics

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2
Q

Alendronate (Fosamax)

A

Biphosphonates
Decrease bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclast activity
Treat osteoporosis (1st line post-menopausal, men >70)

S/E:
GI, esophageal irritation
Arthralgia, myalgia

Contra:
Active GI
Renal, liver
HF

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3
Q

Risedronate (Actonel)

A

Biphosphonates
Decrease bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclast activity
Treat osteoporosis (1st line post-menopausal, men >70)

S/E:
GI, esophageal irritation
Arthralgia, myalgia

Contra:
Active GI
Renal, liver
HF

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4
Q

Ibandronate (Boniva)

A

q 3 months

Biphosphonates
Decrease bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclast activity
Treat osteoporosis (1st line post-menopausal, men >70)

S/E:
GI, esophageal irritation
Arthralgia, myalgia

Contra:
Active GI
Renal, liver
HF

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5
Q

Zolendronic acid (Reclast)

A

q 1-2 years

Biphosphonates
Decrease bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclast activity
Treat osteoporosis (1st line post-menopausal, men >70)

S/E:
GI, esophageal irritation
Arthralgia, myalgia

Contra:
Active GI
Renal, liver
HF

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6
Q

Ethinyl estradiol

A

Estrogen
Decrease PTH activity

Treats menopause
Acts as oral contraception
Treats Hypogonadism
Treats menstrual abnormalities

S/E:
Increase risk of endometrial CA
Cholestasis, gallbladder disease

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7
Q

Reloxifene (Evista)

A

Selective estrogen receptor modulators

Estrogen receptor agonist (bone), estrogen receptor antagonist (brain)

Treats breast cancer (estrogen dependent), 2nd line osteoporosis

S/E:
Prothrombotic, clots

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8
Q

Tamoxifen (Soltamox)

A

Selective estrogen receptor modulators

Estrogen antagonist (breast, brain)
Estrogen agonist (uterus, bone)

Treat breast cancer

S/E:
Endometrial hyperplasia

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9
Q

Calcitonin (Fortical)

A

Binds osteoclasts, inhibits bone resorption

Treats Paget disease, osteoporosis

S/E:
Anticalcitonin antibodies -> refractory therapeutic effect

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10
Q

Teriparatide (Forteo)

A

Parathyroid hormone
Recombinant human PTH

Treats osteoporosis

S/E:
Hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria

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11
Q

Levothyroxine (Synthroid)

A

Pregnancy Cat A

Synthetic T4

Treats: Hypothyroidism

S/E: (Signs of hyperthyroidism)
Flushing, palpitations, HTN, angina
Anxiety, HA, insomnia
Decreased bone density, weight loss
Contra:
Post-MI
Post-thyrotoxicosis
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12
Q

Propylthiouracil (PTU)

A

Works in gland (inhibit T3, T4), peripherally (prevent T4 ->T3 conversion)

Treats: Hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease

S/E:
Agranulocytosis
Drowsiness, HA, skin rash
Hepatic failure

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13
Q

Methimazole (Tapazole)

A

ONLY works IN gland

Treats: Hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease

S/E:
Agranulocytosis
Drowsiness, HA, skin rash
Hepatic failure

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14
Q

Testosterone

A

Treats: Hypogonadism, delayed puberty

S/E:
Edema, gynecomastia, sleep apnea 
Aggressiveness
R/F MI, CVA
Premature closure of epiphyses

Contra:
Male breast CA, prostate CA
Sleep apnea
Normal testosterone

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15
Q

Sildenafil (Viagra)

A

Erectile dysfunction
PDE-5 inhibitors

Inhibit PDE-5 -> vasodilation -> erection

S/E:
Priapism
Sudden loss of function, hearing problems

Contra:
MI, CVA, arrhythmia

Interactions:
Fatal with nitrates
Risk for orthostatic hypotension with alpha-blockers

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16
Q

Vardenafil (Levitra)

A

Erectile dysfunction
PDE-5 inhibitors

Inhibit PDE-5 -> vasodilation -> erection

S/E:
Priapism
Sudden loss of function, hearing problems

Contra:
MI, CVA, arrhythmia

Interactions:
Fatal with nitrates
Risk for orthostatic hypotension with alpha-blockers

17
Q

Taldalafil (Cialis)

A

Erectile dysfunction
PDE-5 inhibitors

Inhibit PDE-5 -> vasodilation -> erection

S/E:
Priapism
Sudden loss of function, hearing problems

Contra:
MI, CVA, arrhythmia

Interactions:
Fatal with nitrates
Risk for orthostatic hypotension with alpha-blockers

18
Q

Tamsulosin (Flomax)

A

Treats BPH and HTN

Selective alpha-1 antagonist -> relax bladder neck, prostate urethra, prostate smooth muscle -> alleviate BPH symptoms

S/E:
Fluid retention
Postural hypotension (1st dose effect)
Anti-cholinergic

19
Q

Finasteride (Proscar)

A

Treats BPH

5-alpha reductase inhibitors -> inhibits conversion of testosterone to DHT in prostate -> reduces prostate volume

S/E:
ED
Prostate CA

Contra:
Hepatic dysfunction
Elevated PSA

20
Q

Dutasteride (Avodart)

A

Treats BPH

5-alpha reductase inhibitors -> inhibits conversion of testosterone to DHT in prostate -> reduces prostate volume

S/E:
ED
Prostate CA

Contra:
Hepatic dysfunction
Elevated PSA

21
Q

Minoxidil (Rogaine)

A

Treats male pattern hair loss; hair sheds if discontinued

22
Q

Finasteride (Propecia)

A

Category X

Inhibits conversion of testosterone to DHT
Treats male pattern hair loss

S/E:
ED
Prostate CA

Contra:
Hepatic dysfunction
Elevated PSA

Pharmacology Exam 5 (3 decks)

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