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Clin Path Final > Endocrine & Lipids > Flashcards

Endocrine & Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Hypothyroidism

A 
Low T3 and T4
Decreased metabolic rate (lethargy, inactivity, weight gain)
Mild non-regen anemia (thyroid = EPO)
Codocytes
Hypercholesterolemia
Hypertriglyceridemia
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2
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A 
Cats
Increased thyroid hormones
Increased metabolic rate (weight loss***, polyphagia***, PU/PD)
Mildly elevated PCV (thyroid = EPO)
Heinz bodies
Increased ALT and ALP
Azotemia
Proteinuria, UTI
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3
Q

Hyperadrenocorticism

A

Cushings
Increased cortisol (glucocorticoids)
CBC: Mildly increased PCV, strees leukogram
Chem: Increased ALP, ALT, Cholesterol, glucose
Decreased BUN
Proteinuria
“silent UTI”, dilute urine

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4
Q

Hypoadrenocorticism

A 
Addisons
Decreased cortisol AND aldosterone
CBC: Mild anemia, increased PCV (dehydration), lacks a stress leukogram (A SICK ANIMAL SHOULD HAVE ONE!!)
Azotemic
Low Na, Cl, High K   (decreased sodium to potassium ratio)
Hypoglycemia
Hypocholesterolemia
Hypercalcemia
Mild increase in hepatic enzymes
Metabolic acidosis
Hypoalbuminemia
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5
Q

Aldosterone

A

Promotes renal reabsorption of Na and excretion of K

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6
Q

Hyperaldosteronism

A

Older cats
Hypokalemia
Hypertension

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7
Q

Equine Cushing’s

Pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID)

A

Disease in pars intermedia resulting in increased released of POMC dervied peptides

pituitary problem

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8
Q

Clinical signs of equine cushings

A 
Hirsutism (increased hair coat)
Laminitis
PU/PD
Weight loss
Sweating
Abnormal fat distribution
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9
Q

Clinical pathology signs of equine cushings

A

CBC: anemia, stress leukogram
Chem: hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, increased liver enzymes
UA: glucosuria

or all could be normal

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10
Q

Acromegaly

A

Older cats (male)
Excess GH -> secretion of IGF-1
Weight gain, increased blood glucose
Hyperproteinemia

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11
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A 
Insulin deficiency
PU/PD, polyphagia, weight loss
CBC: usually normal
Chem: Hyperglycemia, glucosuria
Hypercholesterolemia
Elevated ALP
Elevated ALT
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12
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

With diabetes
Increased mobilization of fats for energy -> ketones
Ketones cause acidosis
Ketones worsen osmotic diuresis and electrolyte depletion

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13
Q

Medullary washout

A

Not enough solute (Na, Urea) in the renal medulla for water to move back inside
Liver failure
Hypoadrenocorticism

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14
Q

Osmotic diuresis

A

Tubules contain lots of solute, so water doesn’t see a reason to move back inside
Diabetes mellitus

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15
Q

Causes of hypotriglyceridemia

A

Not of diagnostic relevance

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16
Q

Causes of hypertriglyceridemia

A 
Post prandial
Diabetes mellitus
Glucocorticoid related
Hypothyroidism
Pacreatitis
Breed related (schnauzer)
NEB/dyslipidemias
17
Q

Causes of hypercholesterolemia

A 
Post prandial
Diabetes mellitus
Hyperadrenocorticism
Hypothyroidism
Cholestasis
Pancreatitis
Breed related
Nephrotic syndrome
18
Q

Causes of hypocholesterolemia

A 
Malabsorption/maldigestion
Decreased liver function or failure (PSS)
Hypoadrenocorticism
Snake envenomation
Neoplasia
19
Q

Ketone produced from lipid metabolism

A

B-hydroxybutyrate

20
Q

Non-esterified fatty acids

A

also called Free fatty acids

increase with negative energy balance

21
Q

Equine dyslipidemias

A

Abnormal amounts of circulating lipids
Due to disorder of lipid metabolism
Hyperlipidemia, hyperlipemia
Usually bc of insulin resistance causing NEB

22
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

blood does not appear lipemic

23
Q

Hyperlipemia

A

blood appears lipemic

24
Q

Hepatic lipidosis

A

Fats mobilized to livers can cause severe disease

25
Q

Equine Metabolic Syndrome

A

Obesity/regional adiposity, insulin resistance, laminities

“Cresty neck”

26
Q

Disease in ferrets

A

Excess androgens/estrogens
Adrenocortical hyperplasia/neoplasia
Hair loss
Anemia, pancytopenia

Clin Path Final (3 decks)

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