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Endocrinology > Endocrine HPI/PE > Flashcards

Endocrine HPI/PE Flashcards

1
Q

What is adrenarche?

A

Onset of androgen-dependent body changes such as growth of axillary and pubic hair, body, body odor, and acne

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2
Q

What is acral?

A

Pertaining to peripheral body parts such of fingers and toes

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3
Q

What is Acrochordon?

A

Skin tags

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4
Q

What is acanthosis nigricans?

A
  • Common skin pigmentation
  • thick velvety texture
  • patches appear on armpits, groin, neck, elbow, knees, knuckles, or skin fold
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5
Q

What is acanthosis nigricans related to?

A
  • Insulin resistance (elevated insulin states)
  • Obesity
  • Acromegaly
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6
Q

What age is considered amenorrhea? and how many missed periods qualifies a pt for amenorrhea?

A
  • Girls who haven’t begun menstruation by age 15

- At least 3 missed periods

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7
Q

What are the causes for amenorrhea?

A
  • Pregnancy

- inability to regulate hormones

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8
Q

What is exopthalmosis?

A
  • Prominence of the eyes secondary to thyroid disease

- Hyperthyroidism (Graves dz)

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9
Q

What is proptosis?

A
  • Abnormal protrusion or displacement of an eye or other body parts due to all other causes
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10
Q

What is hirsutism? and what is it caused by?

A
  • Male pattern hair growth in women, on face chest and back

- Caused by: excess male hormones called androgens, primarily testosterone

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11
Q

When is menarche?

A

Onset of menstruation

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12
Q

What is precocious puberty? and what are the ages for girls and boys?

A

Early onset of puberty

  • 8 in girls
  • 9 in boys
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13
Q

What is pubarche?

A

Appearance of sexual hair

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14
Q

What is puberty?

A

Developmental stages during which secondary sexual characteristics appear

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15
Q

What is Thelarche?

A

Onset of female breast development

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16
Q

What is virilization?

A
  • Biological development of sex differences
  • Changes that make a male body diff from female body
  • These changes are produced by androgens
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17
Q

What is the challenge when completing an HPI for an endocrine problem?

A
  • a pt may harbor more than one endocrinopathy which could be overlooked if subtle historical and clinical cues are over looked
  • don’t be in a hurry w/ your hx
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18
Q

What does male development require?

A

Normal function of hypothalamic - testicular axis.

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19
Q

Amenorrhea is an important clue in the breakdown of what?

A

Hypothalamic - pituitary - ovarian axis

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20
Q

What is the diagnosis of too much growth hormones in an adult pt?

A

Acromegaly

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21
Q

Amenorrhea + galactorrhea w/ elevated prolactin levels suggest what?

A

Pituitary tumor

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22
Q

What are the steps of HPI?

A
  • Hx
  • PE
  • Labs
  • radiologic imaging
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23
Q

What are complaints of an older pt with hyperthyroidism?

A
  • Fatigue
  • weight loss
  • constipation
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24
Q

What are complaints of an younger pt with hyperthyroidism?

A
  • Overactivity
  • Nervousness
  • Jitteriness
  • Temperature intolerance
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25
Q

What are sxs of hypothyroidism?

A
  • Depression
  • Fatigue
  • Mild weight gain or difficulty loosing weight
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26
Q

What would indicate thyroiditis?

A

Recent viral illness presenting w/ trouble swallowing and tender thyroid

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27
Q

A female pt presenting with recurrent vaginal candidiasis or pt with recurrent UTI should be evaluated for what?

A

Diabetic evolution/work-up

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28
Q

Describe the onset of type 2 DM?

A

Gradually slower onset of sxs

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29
Q

What is the onset of type 1 DM and sxs?

A

Acute onset

  • blurred vision
  • Frequent infections
  • Non-healing ulcers
  • Numb or painful extremities
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30
Q

What are alimentary changes?

A

Changes to nutrition, digestion and absorption

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31
Q

Weight loss is d/t what?

A
  • Thyrotoxicosis

- DM

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32
Q

Weight gain is d/t what?

A
  • Cushings

- Hypothalamic dz

33
Q

Appetite loss is d/t what?

A

Addisons

34
Q

Appetite increase is d/t what?

A

Thyrotoxicosis

35
Q

Diarrhea is d/t what?

A
  • Hyperthyroidism

- Addisons

36
Q

Constipation is d/t what?

A
  • Hyperthyroidism

- Hypercalcemia

37
Q

Polydipsia is d/t what?

A
  • DM
  • Renal dz
  • Hypercalcemia
38
Q

Pigmentation changes are d/t what?

A
  • Hypopituitarism
  • Cushings
  • Addisons
39
Q

Dryness is d/t what?

A
  • Hypothyroidism

- Hypoparathyroidism

40
Q

Sweating is d/t what?

A
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Pheochromocytoma
  • Acromegaly
41
Q

Overgrowth is d/t what?

A

Acromegaly

42
Q

Nervousness, irritability is d/t what?

A

Thyrotoxicosis

43
Q

Fatigue is d/t what?

A
  • Hypothyroid
  • DM
  • Addison’s
  • Acromegaly
44
Q

HA is d/t what?

A

Hypoglycemia

45
Q

Seizures is d/t what?

A

Hypoglycemia

46
Q

Visual loss is d/t what?

A
  • Acromegaly

- DM

47
Q

What are some causes of Rheumatoid changes?

A
  • Short stature or Gigantism
  • Marfans
  • Kleinfelters
  • Acromegaly
48
Q

What is polyuria d/t?

A
  • DM
  • DI
  • Polydipsia
49
Q

What is menstrual changes d/t?

A
  • Polycystic ovary

- Pituitary dz

50
Q

What is impotence d/t?

A
  • Hyperprolactinemia
  • Hypogonadism
  • Acromegaly
51
Q

What drug hx should be asked for endocrine HPI?

A
  • Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
  • Thyroid drugs.
  • Diabetic drugs.
  • Prostate dz drugs.
  • Steroids.
52
Q

Penguinoid habitus is associated with what?

A

Klinefelters

53
Q

Tremors or Palmer erythema is a sign of what?

A

Hyperthyroid

54
Q

Pigmentation of palmar crease is a sign of what?

A

Addison’s

55
Q

4th, 5th metacarpals shortened is a sign of what?

A

Pseudohypoparathryoid

56
Q

Decreased quantities of hair, perioral and periorbital wrinkling is a sign of what

A

Hypogonadism.

57
Q

Females with excessive hair, acne, male-pattern balding, central scalp hair loss is a sign of what?

A

Androgen excess.

58
Q

Hypertension is a sign of what?

A

Cushing’s

59
Q

Hypotension is a sign of what?

A

Addisons

60
Q

A positive Trousseau’s and / or Chvostek’s sign is sign of what?

A
  • Hypocalcemia

- Hyperparathyroidism (elevated secretion of parathyroid hormone PTH)

61
Q

Muscle weakness is a sign of what?

A
  • Hypothyroid

- Cushing‘s

62
Q

Axillary hair loss is a sign of what?

A

Hypopituitary

63
Q

Skin tags are a sign of what?

A

Acromegaly

64
Q

Moon face, Acne, oily skin is a sign of what?

A

Cushings

65
Q

Hirsutism on face is a sign of what?

A

Panhypopituitary

66
Q

Chin enlargement is a sign of what?

A

Acromegaly

67
Q

Exophthalmos is a sign of what?

A

Hyperthyroidism

68
Q

Occular fundus findings: cotton wool spots is a sign of what?

A
  • DM

- Acromegaly

69
Q

Buccal pigmentation is a sign of what?

A

Addisons

70
Q

Tongue enlargement is a sign of what?

A

Acromegaly

71
Q

A “buffalo hump”, palpate supraclavicular fat pads, striae, disproportionate abdominal fat is a sign of what?

A

Cushings

72
Q

When doing a PE of the thyroid you are inspecting for what?

A

A Goiter

73
Q

Pigmented nipples is a sign of what?

A

Addisons

74
Q

Loss, gain of chest hair is a sign of what?

A

Hypogonadism

75
Q

Male gynecomastia is a sign of what?

A

Cushings

76
Q

Reduced female breast size is a sign of what?

A

Panhypopituitary

77
Q

During PE you inspect the genitalia for what?

A
  • Atrophy

- Virilization

78
Q

During PE you inspect the legs for what?

A
  • Peripheral neuropathy (DM).
  • Dry and brittle nails
  • Toenails and foot showing same symptoms asfingernails and hands.

Endocrinology (18 decks)

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