Endocrine Hormones

Question 1

effect of Growth hormone

Answer 1

• promote skeletal growth
• stimulate protein synthesis and hinder glucose uptake in target cells
• increase use of fat as a fuel

Question 2

effect of thyroid stimulating hormone

Answer 2

regulates the secretion of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) by the thyroid gland

Question 3

effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 3

maintains cells of the adrenal cortex and stimulates these cells to release corticosteroids

Question 4

effect of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 4

• stimulates follicle and estrogen production
• stimulates sperm production

Question 5

effect of luteinizing hormone

Answer 5

• induces ovulation and estrogen or progesterone production
• stimulates testosterone production

Question 6

effect of prolactin

Answer 6

• stimulates breast development during pregnancy (along with estrogen and progesterone)
• stimulates milk production

Question 7

effect of Oxytocin

Answer 7

• ejection of milk
• uterine contraction

Question 8

effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer 8

• water retention by reducing urine volume
• at elevated concentrations, causes blood vessel constriction

Question 9

effect of Thyroid hormone

Answer 9

• increase metabolic rate (elevates cell consumption of oxygen), Na/K pump
• increase number of mitochondria
• necessary growth and development of CNS, skeletal and reproductive systems

Question 10

effect of calcitonin

Answer 10

lowers blood calcium levels by:
- inhibiting osteoclasts
- stimulating osteoblasts

Question 11

effect of Mineralocorticoids

Answer 11

• regulates electrolytes (minerals) sodium and potassium elimination by kidneys

Question 12

effect of Glucocorticoids

Answer 12

• elevate blood sugar (glucose) as a response to stress

Question 13

effect of gonadocorticoid

Answer 13

• reproductive effects and secondary sex characteristics (breasts, pubic hair, facial hair)

Question 14

effect of catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)

Answer 14

sympathomimetic

Question 15

effect of Parathyroid hormone

Answer 15

increase blood calcium levels by:
- stimulating osteoclasts
- increasing calcium retention by the kidney
- stimulating intestinal calcium absorption

Question 16

effect of insulin

Answer 16

lowers blood glucose by enhancing the uptake of glucose by cells and inhibiting the breakdown of glycogen

Question 17

effect of glucagon

Answer 17

elevates blood glucose by promoting the breakdown of glycogen and glucose production

Question 18

Characteristics of HYPOthyroidism

Answer 18

• decreased metabolic rate
• low body temperature
• reduced heart rate, blood pressure

Question 19

Characteristics of HYPERthyroidism

Answer 19

• increased metabolic rate
• high body temperature
• rapid heart rate
• high blood pressure

Question 20

Symptoms of HYPERthyroidism

Answer 20

• intolerance to heat
• fine, straight hair
• bulging eyes, flushed face
• enlarged thyroid
• tachycardia, increase systolic blood pressure
• breast enlargement, menstrual Amenorrhea
• weight loss, muscle wasting
• localized edema
• finger clubbing
• tremors
• diarrhea

Question 21

Symptoms of HYPOthyroidism

Answer 21

• hair loss
• apathy, lethargy, extreme fatigue
• dry skin, thickened skin
• muscle aches + weakness
• constipation
• intolerance to cold
• receding hairline
• facial & eyelid edema
• dull or blank expression
• thick tongue and slow speech
• anorexia
• brittle nails & hair
• menstrual disturbances
• bradycardia, cardiac complications
• weight gain