Endocrine Hormone Flashcards
Why is cell-cell communication important?
-multiple cellular organism(human) use cell to cell communication to function.
How do cell communicate?
- They use the endocrine system. one cell makes chemical and release it. Each chemical has it’s own meaning.
- chemical diffuse throughout our body and reach the target cell. signaling it to perform a function.
How do signaling molecule find those target cells?
-The signaling molecule diffuses everywhere. Each target cell have a receptor (decoder system). if the target cell have the receptor for that particular chemical signal, they can read it.
The cell to cell communication is divided into 5 different mode depending on what?
The distance of signaling
What are the 5 mode of cell-cell communication
- Juxtacrine signaling
- Endocrine signaling
- Paracrine signaling
- Synaptic or neuronal signaling
- Autocrine signaling
Describe Juxtacrine signaling:
-Direct physical contact
(signaling molecule does not leave the sender cell. it stays on the surface of sender cell. It is then recognized by the target cell directly on the surface.)
Describe Endocrine signaling
- Travels fairly far through the blood to a target organ expressing receptors
- Low in concentration; high affinity receptor
- Minutes to hours
(signaling molecule is diffuse through out the body (DILUTED A LOT). TARGET RECEPTOR HAVE HIGH AFFINITY SO THEY CAN BIND TO LOW CONCENTRATION OF HORMONE. Hormone signaling takes time because it diffuse out the body.)
Describe Paracrine signaling
- Travels only a short distance and affects neighboring cells
- Fairly high local concentration; receptor with lower affinity
- Rapid and localized communication
(similar to ES but signaling molecule only affect the neighboring cell. Need to stay in the vicinity.)
Describe Synaptic or neuronal signaling
- Neurotransmitter; travels very short distance
- Very high local concentration; dissociate rapidly
- Very rapid (millisecond) termination
(Neurotransmitters are the signaling molecule, they release to synapse and affect the target cells.)
Describe Autocrine signaling
- Made and functions in the same cell
- Similar to paracrine signaling
List the chemical families of hormones (aka the signaling molecule families)
- Polypeptide-based hormones (Ex. insulin, oxytocin)
- Steroid hormones (Ex. estradiol, cortisone)
- Amino acid / fatty acid derived hormones (Ex. epinephrine, prostaglandin)
(group base on their chemistry)
Chemical families of hormones
Describe polypeptide-based hormones
- Genetically encoded.
- Synthesized by ribosome.
- Matured by post-translational modifications.
( We have specific genes in our body. when it time to make the protein hormone,these genes are activated. mRNA is made and ribosome synthesize these protein then they become hormones. )
Chemical families of hormones
Describe Steroid hormones
- Synthesized from cholesterol
- Require multiple steps catalyzed by enzymes
(Chemically modify by enzyme. Sometimes we want to inhibit those enzyme for therapeutic outcome.)
Chemical families of hormones
Describe Amino acid / fatty acid derived hormones
- Synthesized from amino acids or fatty acids.
- Require multiple steps catalyzed by enzymes.
(smaller. we can block those synthesis by inhibiting those enzyme)
The secretion, transport, and uptake of these hormones are different base on what?
solubility and chemistry (ie. hydrophilic or hydrophobic)
