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Endo > Endocrine Histology > Flashcards

Endocrine Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Key Components of the Generic Endocrine Gland

Parenchyma =

A
  • endocrine secreting cells
  • capillary plexus
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2
Q

The Key to Histology is …..

A

pattern recognition

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3
Q

Pituitary gland quiz!

A
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4
Q

List the secretory cell types found in the anterior pituitary: (5)

A
  1. Somatotrophs (acidophil)
  2. Lactotrophs (acidophil)
  3. Corticotrophs (basophil)
  4. Thyrotrophs (basophil)
  5. Gonadotrophs (basophil)
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5
Q
  1. Where are the nonmyelinated axons for the posterior pituitary found?
  2. What is the dilation at the terminal end of the axon called?
  3. What hormones are released from the posterior pituitary?
  4. What are pituicytes?
A
  1. supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus
  2. Herring body: dilation at the terminal end of the axon adjacent to the capillary
    • filled with neurosecretion
  3. Oxytocin and vasopressin along with a carrier protein called neurophysin are the hormones released at the axon terminals
  4. pituicytes =** **supporting glial cells
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6
Q

What is unique about the blood supply of the posterior pituitary?

A

Portal system:

  • Long portal vessels that surround the pituitary stalk drain the capillary plexus in the median eminence
  • long portal vessels and the two capillary plexuses comprise the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system
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7
Q

What is stored in the thyroid follicles?

A
  • large amounts of inactive hormone (thyroglobulin)
  • epithelial lined spaces containing variable amounts of fluid called colloid
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8
Q

What are the secretory cells of the thyroid gland?

A
  • Thyroid epithelial cell
    • ​wall of the thyroid follicle
  • C cell or parafollicular cell
    • space between follicles
    • larger than follicle epithelial cells
    • harder to distinguish because of their pale staining characteristics
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9
Q

What is secreted by thyroid follicle cells?

A
  • Thyroid epithelial cells:
    • Thyroglobulin
    • Triiodothyronine (T3)
    • Thyroxine (T4)
  • C/Parafollicular cells:
    • ​Calcitonin
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10
Q

What is the constant histological feature of the parathyroid gland?

A

Adipocytes

  • act as a stroma on which cords or clumps of secretory cells are arranged
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11
Q

List the secretory cells of the parathyroid gland:

A
  1. Chief cells
  2. Oxyphil cells
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12
Q

Adrenal gland:

  • Cortex secretes ….
  • Medulla secretes ….
A
  • cortex secretes steroid hormones
  • medulla is a neuroendocrine gland secreting vasoactive amines
    • epinephrine
    • norepinephrine
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13
Q
  • What are the different zones of the adrenal gland cortex?
    • What is secreted in each zone?
A
  1. Zona glomerulosa
    • Mineralocorticoids
  2. Zona fasciculata
    • Glucocorticoids
  3. Zona reticularis
    • Androgenic steroids
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14
Q

What is the morphology of a steroid secreting cell?

A
  1. abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum
    • site of steroid synthesis
  2. **abundant mitochondria with tubulovesicular cristae **
    • site of cholesterol synthesis
  3. membrane bound lipid droplets
    • raw material for making steroid hormones
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15
Q

What are the endocrine cells of the pancreas called?

A

pancreatic islets or Islets of Langerhans

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16
Q

List the main endocrine cells of the pancreas (4).

  • % of Islet cells
  • Hormone secreted
A
  1. **Insulin/amylin-secreting **cells (beta)
    • 70%
    • Insulin, amylin
  2. **Glucagon-secreting cells **(alpha)
    • 20%
    • Glucagon
  3. **Somatostatin-secreting **cells (delta)
    • 5-10%
    • Somatostatin
  4. **Pancreatic polypeptide secreting **cells (PP, F)
    • 1-2%
    • Pancreatic polypeptide (PP)
17
Q

Where does this tissue orginate from?

A

Islet of Langerhans – Pancreas

18
Q

Where does this tissue originate from?

A

Thyroid gland

19
Q

Where does this tissue orignate from?

A

Adrenal Medulla

20
Q

Where does this tissue originate from

A

Posterior pituitary

21
Q

Where does this tissue originate from?

A

Zona reticularis – Adrenal cortex

22
Q

Where does this tissue originate from?

A

Anterior pituitary

23
Q

Where does this tissue originate from?

A

Zona Glomerulosa – Adrenal Cortex

24
Q

Where does this tissue originate from?

A

Parathyroid gland

25
Q

Where does this tissue originate from?

A

Zona Fasiculata – Adrenal Cortex

Endo (18 decks)

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