Endocrine Glands and Hormones Flashcards
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Target Tissue- Adrenal Cortex
Function- fosters growth of adrenal cortex, stimulates corticosteroid secretion
Gonadotropic hormones (FSH and LH)
Target Tissue- reproductive organs
Function- stimulates sex hormone secretion, reproductive organ growth, reproductive processes
Growth Hormone (GH) or somatotropin
Target Tissue- all body cells
Function- promotes protein anabolism (growth, tissue repair) and lipid mobilization and catabolism
Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)
Target Tissue- Melanocytes in skin
Function- increase melanin production in melanocytes to make skin darker
Prolactin
Target Tissue- ovary and mammary glands in women, testes in men
Function- stimulates milk production in lactating women, increased response of follicles to LH and FSH, stimulates testicular function in men
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (THS) or thyrotropin
Target Tissue- thyroid gland
Function- stimulates synthesis and release of thyroid hormones, growth and function of thyroid gland
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Target Tissue- renal tubules, vascular smooth muscle
Function- promotes reabsorption of water from the renal tubules, vasoconstriction
Oxytocin
Target Tissue- uterus, mammary glands
Function- stimulates milk secretion, uterine contractility
Calcitonin
Target Tissue- Bone tissue
Function- regulates calcium and phosphorus serum levels, increases serum calcium levels
Thyroxine (T4)
Target Tissue- all body tissues
Function- precursor to T3
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Target Tissue- all body tissues
Function- regulates metabolic rate of all cells and processes of cell growth and tissue differentiation
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) or parathormone
Target Tissue- Bone, intestine, kidney
Function- regulates calcium and phosphorus serum levels. Promotes bone demineralization and increases intestinal absorption of Ca2+, increases serum Ca2+ levels
Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
Target Tissue- catecholamine
Function- increase in response to stress, enhances and prolongs effects of sympathetic nervous system
Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
Target Tissue- Catecholamine
Function- increase in response to stress, enhances and prolongs effects of sympathetic nervous system
Androgens
Target Tissue- reproductive organs
Function- promotes growth spurt in adolescence, secondary sex characteristics, and libido in both sexes
Corticosteroids (cortisol, hydrocortisone)
Target Tissue- all body tissue
Function- promotes metabolism, increases in response to stress, antiinflammatory
Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
Target Tissue- Kidney
Function- regulates sodium and potassium balance and thus water balance
Amylin (from beta cells)
Target Tissue- Liver, stomach
Function- decreases gastric motility, glucagon secretion, and endogenous glucose release from liver, increased satiety
Glucagon (from alpha cells)
Target Tissue-general
Function- stimultes glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis
Insulin (from beta cells)
Target Tissue-general
Function- promotes glucose transport from the blood into the cell
Pancreatic polypeptide
Target Tissue-general
Function- influences regulation of pancreatic exocrine function and metabolism of absorbed nutrients
Somatostatin
Target Tissue- Pancreas
Function- Inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion
Estrogen
Target Tissue-reproductive system, breasts
Function- stimulates development of secondary sex characteristics, preparation of uterus for fertilization and fetal development, stimulates bone growth
Progesterone
Target Tissue-reproductive system
Function- maintains lining of uterus needed for successful pregnancy
