Endocrine Glands and Hormones

Question 1

Anterior Pituitary Gland

Answer 1

Growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, beta-endorphin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin

Question 2

Posterior Pituitary Gland

Answer 2

antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin

Question 3

Thyroid gland

Answer 3

thyroxine, calcitonin

Question 4

Parathyroid glands

Answer 4

parathyroid hormone

Question 5

pancreas

Answer 5

insulin, glucagon

Question 6

Adrenal cortex

Answer 6

glucocorticoids (cortisol, cortisone), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone),

Question 7

Liver

Answer 7

Insulin-like growth factors

Question 8

Adrenal medulla

Answer 8

epinephrine, norepinephrine, proenkephalin fragments

Question 9

Ovaries

Answer 9

estradiol, progesterone

Question 10

Testes

Answer 10

testosterone

Question 11

Heart (atrium)

Answer 11

atrial peptide

Question 12

Kidney

Answer 12

renin

Question 13

Growth hormone(s)

Answer 13

stimulates insulin-like growth factor I secretion from the liver, protein synthesis, growth, and metabolisml other aggregates of the growth hormone (GH) also have biological function and make up more complex superfamily of GH

Question 14

Adrenocorticoptropic Hormone

Answer 14

Stimulates glucocorticoid secretion from the adrenal cortex

Question 15

Beta-Endorphin

Answer 15

stimulated analgesia

Question 16

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Answer 16

stimulated thyroid hormone secretion from the thyroid gland

Question 17

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Answer 17

stimulates growth of follicles in ovary and seminiferous tubules in testes, stimulates ovum and sperm production

Question 18

Luteinizing hormone

Answer 18

stimulates ovulation as well as secretion of sex hormones in the gonads (ovaries and testes)

Question 19

Prolactin

Answer 19

stimulates milk production in the mammary glands; maintains corpora lutea and secretion of progesterone

Question 20

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer 20

increases contraction of smooth muscle and reabsorption of water by kidneys

Question 21

Oxytocin

Answer 21

stimulates uterine contractions and releases of milk by mammary glands

Question 22

Thyroxine

Answer 22

stimulates oxidative metabolism in mitochondria and cell growth

Question 23

Calcitonin

Answer 23

reduces calcium phosphate levels in blood

Question 24

Parathyroid hormone

Answer 24

Increases blood calcium; decreases blood phosphate, stimulates bone formation

Question 25

Insulin

Answer 25

Reduces blood glucose concetrations via promotion of glucose uptake by cells; promotes glycogen storage; suppresses fat oxidation and gluconeogenesis; is involved in protein synthesis

Question 26

Glucagon

Answer 26

Increases blood glucose levels

Question 27

Glucocorticoids (cortisol, cortisone)

Answer 27

catabolic and anti-anabolic: promote protein breakdown and inhibit amino acid incorporation into proteins; conserve blood glucose concentrations via stimulation of conversion of proteins into carbohydrates (gluconeogenesis); suppress immune cell function; promote fat oxidation

Question 28

Mineralocorticoids

Answer 28

increase body fluids via sodium-potassium retention

Question 29

Insulin-like growth factors

Answer 29

increase protein synthesis in cells

Question 30

Epinephrine

Answer 30

increases cardiac output; increases blood sugar and glycogen breakdown and fat metabolism

Question 31

norepinephrine

Answer 31

has properties of epinephrine; constricts blood vessels

Question 32

Proenkephalin fragments

Answer 32

Enhance immune cell function, has analgesia effects

Question 33

Estradiol

Answer 33

Stimulate development of female sex characteristics

Question 34

Progesterone

Answer 34

Stimulates development of female sex characteristics and mammary glands, maintains pregnancy

Question 35

Testosterone

Answer 35

anabolic and anti-catabolic: Promotes amino acid incorporation into proteins and inhibits protein breakdown; stimulates growth and development and maintenance of male sex characteristics

Question 36

Atrial peptide

Answer 36

regulates sodium, potassium, and fluid volume

Question 37

Renin

Answer 37

Regulates kidney function, permeability, and solute.