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CSCS Study > Endocrine Glands and Hormones > Flashcards

Endocrine Glands and Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior Pituitary Gland

A

Growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, beta-endorphin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin

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2
Q

Posterior Pituitary Gland

A

antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin

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3
Q

Thyroid gland

A

thyroxine, calcitonin

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4
Q

Parathyroid glands

A

parathyroid hormone

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5
Q

pancreas

A

insulin, glucagon

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6
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

glucocorticoids (cortisol, cortisone), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone),

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7
Q

Liver

A

Insulin-like growth factors

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8
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

epinephrine, norepinephrine, proenkephalin fragments

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9
Q

Ovaries

A

estradiol, progesterone

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10
Q

Testes

A

testosterone

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11
Q

Heart (atrium)

A

atrial peptide

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12
Q

Kidney

A

renin

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13
Q

Growth hormone(s)

A

stimulates insulin-like growth factor I secretion from the liver, protein synthesis, growth, and metabolisml other aggregates of the growth hormone (GH) also have biological function and make up more complex superfamily of GH

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14
Q

Adrenocorticoptropic Hormone

A

Stimulates glucocorticoid secretion from the adrenal cortex

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15
Q

Beta-Endorphin

A

stimulated analgesia

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16
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

A

stimulated thyroid hormone secretion from the thyroid gland

17
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone

A

stimulates growth of follicles in ovary and seminiferous tubules in testes, stimulates ovum and sperm production

18
Q

Luteinizing hormone

A

stimulates ovulation as well as secretion of sex hormones in the gonads (ovaries and testes)

19
Q

Prolactin

A

stimulates milk production in the mammary glands; maintains corpora lutea and secretion of progesterone

20
Q

Antidiuretic hormone

A

increases contraction of smooth muscle and reabsorption of water by kidneys

21
Q

Oxytocin

A

stimulates uterine contractions and releases of milk by mammary glands

22
Q

Thyroxine

A

stimulates oxidative metabolism in mitochondria and cell growth

23
Q

Calcitonin

A

reduces calcium phosphate levels in blood

24
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

Increases blood calcium; decreases blood phosphate, stimulates bone formation

25
Q

Insulin

A

Reduces blood glucose concetrations via promotion of glucose uptake by cells; promotes glycogen storage; suppresses fat oxidation and gluconeogenesis; is involved in protein synthesis

26
Q

Glucagon

A

Increases blood glucose levels

27
Q

Glucocorticoids (cortisol, cortisone)

A

catabolic and anti-anabolic: promote protein breakdown and inhibit amino acid incorporation into proteins; conserve blood glucose concentrations via stimulation of conversion of proteins into carbohydrates (gluconeogenesis); suppress immune cell function; promote fat oxidation

28
Q

Mineralocorticoids

A

increase body fluids via sodium-potassium retention

29
Q

Insulin-like growth factors

A

increase protein synthesis in cells

30
Q

Epinephrine

A

increases cardiac output; increases blood sugar and glycogen breakdown and fat metabolism

31
Q

norepinephrine

A

has properties of epinephrine; constricts blood vessels

32
Q

Proenkephalin fragments

A

Enhance immune cell function, has analgesia effects

33
Q

Estradiol

A

Stimulate development of female sex characteristics

34
Q

Progesterone

A

Stimulates development of female sex characteristics and mammary glands, maintains pregnancy

35
Q

Testosterone

A

anabolic and anti-catabolic: Promotes amino acid incorporation into proteins and inhibits protein breakdown; stimulates growth and development and maintenance of male sex characteristics

36
Q

Atrial peptide

A

regulates sodium, potassium, and fluid volume

37
Q

Renin

A

Regulates kidney function, permeability, and solute.

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