Endocrine Glands and Hormones Flashcards
What is Homeostasis in the body dependent on?
The relationship between the Nervous and Endocrine systems
What are four reasons that the Nervous and Endocrine systems are sometimes blurred? SSBT
Some NS tissues secrete hormones (hypothalamus, pituitary gland)
Several chemicals function as both NTs and Hormones depending on their location (epinephrine: NT in the NS; hormone in the ES)
Both have responses regulated by NFLs
The regulation of several physiological processes involves both systems working in tandem with each other
Endocrine System stats (4) SMSR
Secretes hormones (chem. messengers) into the bloodstream
Messengers initiate intended response on the target cells when they arrive
Slower and longer acting effects
Responses controlled by negative feedback loops
Nervous System stats (4) MRSR
Messages are transmitted rapidly to precise locations
Rapid actions: reflex arc, communication though neurons, chemical messengers from glands
Some nervous system tissues secrete hormones (Hypothalamus, pituitary & adrenal glands)
Responses controlled by negative feedback loops
How do the Endocrine & Nervous Systems work together?
Homeostasis depends on the close relation between the two systems
Several chemicals function as NTs in the NS and hormones in the ES (i.e epinephrine)
The regulation of several physiological processes involves both the NS an ES acting in conjuction
eg. nursing mother (senses the suckling, the
PG releases oxytocin which tells the
mammary glands to secrete milk
Epinephrine release/Stress response
Release of epi/norepi is rapid because it is
under NS control
Hormonal effects are smiliar to those of the
SNS
What do ENDOcrine glands do?
Secrete hormones (chem messengers) into the bloodstream to be transported throughout the body
What do EXOcrine glands do?
Produce their chemicals and excrete the into a duct (i.e digestive enzymes, sweat)
What are Hormones?
Chemicals that influence metabolism of cells, growth & development of body parts and Homeostasis
What can Hormones be classified as?
Proteins
Steroids
Tropic
Have endocrine glands as targets
Non-Tropic
Don’t have endocrine glands as targets
What are the seven major Endocrine glands?
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Thyroid
Parathyroid Gland
Adrenal Glands
Pancreas
Gonads
What is a negative feedback loop?
When the desired outcome is reached, the outcome will then inhibit/slow the release of the hormone
What does the Hypothalamus do?
Controls the Pituitary glands and is controlled by NFLs
Regulates the internal environment through the autonomic system
Pituitary gland specs
It has two lobes (anterior & posterior)
Bony cavity attached by a thin stalk to the HP
Located as the base of the brain
Controls 8 Endocrine Hormones with the HP
What is ADH? What does it do?
Anti-Diuretic Hormone - it regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys
Secreted during dehydration and causes more H2O to be absorbed by the kidneys
How does the ADH negative feedback loop work?
Receptors in the HP detect DH and send a signal to the posterior pituitary gland to release ADH
ADH targets the nephrons of kidneys causing tubules to become more permeable to water
More water should be absorbed & the body excretes less urine (more conc.) blood pressure increases
HP detects this & sends a signal to the PP to stop secreting ADH
