ENDOCRINE GLANDS

Question 1

” refer to specialized organs or tissues within the body that synthesize and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

Answer 1

“Endocrine glands

Question 2

Structure:

, also known as the hypophysis, is a small, pea-sized gland.

Location:
is located in the pituitary fossa (sella turcica) of the sphenoid bone.

Answer 2

The pituitary gland

Question 3

Structure:

It’s a butterfly shape due to the gland consisting of two lobes that are connected by a piece of tissue called the isthmus.

Location:

is located in the front of the neck, right below the larynx and next to and around to the trachea

Answer 3

THYROID GLAND

Question 4

Structure:

are small endocrine glands located near or attached to the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.

Location:

are small endocrine glands located in the anterior neck. They are responsible for the production of parathyroid hormone

Answer 4

parathyroid glands

Question 5

Structure:

often referred to as suprarenal glands, are endocrine glands that secrete adrenaline as well as the steroids cortisol and aldosterone.

Location:

We can find them above the kidneys. Every gland consists of an inner medulla and an outer cortex that both make steroid hormones.

Answer 5

ADRENAL GLAND

Question 6

Structure:
is an elongated gland located deep within the abdomen, tucked in between the stomach and the spine. It is involved in the regulation of blood sugar levels and digestion.

Location:
is a gland located deep inside the abdomen, just behind the lower part of the stomach

Answer 6

PANCREAS

Question 7

Structure:

gland is a pink, lobulated lymphoid organ. The thymus gland has an asymmetrical flat shape, with a lobular structure.
Location:

Located in the thoracic cavity and neck.

Answer 7

Thymus

Question 8

Structure:

is a tiny, around 6 mm-long glandular body. Its name is derived from the fact that it is formed like a pine cone. Location:

is a small endocrine gland located within the brain.

Answer 8

PINEAL GLAND

Question 9

lowers the volume of urine produced and preserves bodily water by increasing the kidneys’ ability to reabsorb water.

Answer 9

antidiuretic hormone

Question 10

stimulates the ejection of milk during nursing and the contractions of the uterus during parturition.

Answer 10

OXYTOCIN

Question 11

stimulates growth and development of bones and tissues,

Answer 11

GROWTH HORMONE

Question 12

stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release thyroid hormones which regulate metabolism.

Answer 12

THYROID-STIMULATING
HORMONE (TSH)

Question 13

stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce and release glucocorticoid hormones, such as cortisol,

Answer 13

ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH)

Question 14

stimulates the production and dispersion of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin coloration

Answer 14

MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE
(MSH)

Question 15

In females, LH stimulates ovulation and the production of estrogen and progesterone. In males, LH stimulates the production of testosterone.

Answer 15

LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH)

Question 16

In females, FSH stimulates the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles. In males, FSH stimulates sperm production

Answer 16

FOLLICLE-STIMULATING
HORMONE (FSH

Question 17

Stimulates milk production (lactation) in mammary glands.

Answer 17

PROLACTIN (PRL)

Question 18

Regulates metabolism, growth, and development by increasing cellular metabolism

Answer 18

THYROID HORMONE
(T3/T4)

Question 19

Inhibits bone breakdown by osteoclasts and promotes calcium excretion by the kidneys, thereby lowering blood calcium levels.

Answer 19

CALCITONIN (CT)

Question 20

Increases blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption, enhancing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys

Answer 20

PARATHYROID HORMONE (PTH)

Question 21

Mediates the body’s “fight or flight” response by increasing heart rate, dilating airways

Answer 21

EPINEPHRINE (Epi)

Question 22

Increases sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys

Answer 22

ALDOSTERONE

Question 23

Plays a key role in the body’s stress response by increasing blood glucose levels

Answer 23

CORTISOL

Question 24

Regulates the sleep-wake cycle by inhibiting the activity of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in response to darkness.

Answer 24

MELATONIN

Question 25

Stimulates the maturation and differentiation of T lymphocytes (T cells), which are crucial for the immune response.

Answer 25

`THYMOSIN

Question 26

Lowers blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake into cells stimulating glycogen synthesis in the liver and the muscles.

Answer 26

INSULIN

Question 27

Increases blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver, thereby releasing glucose into the bloodstream.

Answer 27

GLUCAGON

Question 28

Promotes the development and maintenance of male reproductive organs and secondary sexual characteristics.

Answer 28

TESTOSTERONE

Question 29

regulates the menstrual cycle, supports bone health, and influences mood and cognition.

Answer 29

ESTROGEN

Question 30

Prepares the uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg and maintains pregnancy by promoting the development and maintenance of the uterine lining.

Answer 30

PROGESTERONE

Question 31

Regulate numerous physiological processes, including inflammation, blood flow, smooth muscle contraction, and hormone regulation.

Answer 31

PROSTAGLANDIN