Endocrine Glands

Question 1

Growth Hormone

Answer 1

-Pituitary Gland
(Anterior) 
-Most tissues
- Stimulates somatic growth;
mobilizes fats; spares glucose

Question 2

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH

Answer 2

-Pituitary Gland
(Anterior) 
-Thyroid Gland
-Stimulates thyroid gland to release
thyroid hormones

Question 3

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

ACTH

Answer 3

-Pituitary Gland
(Anterior) 
-Adrenal Cortex
-Promotes release of glucocorticoids
and androgens

Question 4

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 4

-Pituitary Gland
(Anterior) 
-Ovaries in female ; Testes in male
-In females. stimulates ovarian
follicle maturation and estrogen
production ; in males, stimulates
sperm production

Question 5

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 5

-Pituitary Gland
(Anterior) 
-Ovaries in female ; Testes in male
-In females, triggers ovulation and
stimulates ovarian production of
estrogen and progesterone ; In
males, promotes testosterone
production

Question 6

Prolactin

Answer 6

-Pituitary Gland
(Anterior)
-Breasts
-Prolactin Breasts Promotes lactation Hyper – inappropriate milk production;

Question 7

Oxytocin

Answer 7

-Pituitary Gland
(Posterior)
-Uterus and Breasts 
-Uterus – Stimulates uterine
contraction which initiates labor
Breasts – Initiates milk ejection

Question 8

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Answer 8

-Pituitary Gland
(Posterior)
-Kidneys 
-Stimulate kidney tubule cells to
reabsorb water

Question 9

Thyroid Hormones (Thyroxine and
Triiodothyronine)

Answer 9

-Thyroid Gland
-Most cells of the body
-Increases metabolic rates, essential
to normal process of growth and
maturation

Question 10

Calcitonin

Answer 10

-Thyroid Gland
-Primarily bone`
-Decreases rate of bone breakdown
prevents large increase in blood
calcium ion levels following a meal.

Question 11

Parathyroid Hormone

Answer 11

-Parathyroid Gland
-Bone and Kidney
-Increases rate of bone breakdown
by osteoclasts; increases vitamin D
synthesis and essential for
maintenance of blood calcium levels

Question 12

Catecholamines (Epinephrine and

Norepinephrine)

Answer 12

-Adrenal Medulla
-Sympathetic nervous system target
organs

Question 13

Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone)

Answer 13

-Adrenal Cortex
-Kidneys
-Increase blood levels of Sodium
ions and decrease blood levels of
potassium ions; Water retention in
the body

Question 14

Glucocorticoids

Answer 14

-Adrenal Cortex
-Most cells of the body
-Increase fat rate and protein
breakdown; increase glucose
synthesis from amino acids ;
increase blood nutrient levels ;
inhibit inflammation and immune
response

Question 15

Adrenal androgens

Answer 15

-Adrenal Cortex
-Most tissues
-Stimulates male sexual
characteristics ; increase female sexual drive, growth of pubic and axillary hair

Question 16

Insulin

Answer 16

-Pancreas
-Liver
-Increases uptake and use of
glucose and amino acids

Question 17

Glucagon

Answer 17

-Pancreas
-Liver
-Increases breakdown of glycogen
and release of glucose into the
circulatory system

Question 18

Testosterone

Answer 18

-Testes
-Most tissues
-Sperm production ; maintenance of
functional reproductive organs;
secondary sexual characteristics;
sexual behavior

Question 19

Estrogens and Progesterone

Answer 19

-Ovaries
-Most tissues
-Aid in uterine and mammary gland
development and function, external
genitalia structure; secondary
sexual characteristics; sexual
behavior and menstrual cycle

Question 20

Thymosin

Answer 20

-Thymus
-Immune tissues
-Promotes immune system
development and function

Question 21

Melatonin

Answer 21

• Pineal Gland
• Hypothalamus
• Inhibits secretion of gonadotropin- releasing hormone thereby inhibiting reproduction