Endocrine Disorders Flashcards
Cushings causes
Too much cortisol from either the pituitary gland, adrenal gland or an ectopic cushings
Addisonian crisis
Acute development of primary adrenal insufficiency precipitated by stress, infection or reduction of steroids.
Medication related cushings
Can result from the long term use of glucorticoids (betamethasone, dexmethasone, budenoside, prednisone) that are used to suppress inflammation in autoimmune, allergies and asthma
Signs and symptoms of cushings
Paper thin skin
Moon face
Emotional
Osteoporosis
Buffalo hump
Adrenal tumor
Bruises
Other health conditions causing elevated cortisol
Pregnancy
Malnutrition
Alcoholism
What hormones does the hypothalamic pituitary release?
GH (growth hormone)
TSH (thyroid secreting hormone)
What hormones does the thyroid release?
T3 +T4 that effect CO, O2 consumption and gastrointestinal motility
What does the pancreas secrete?
Inlet of Langerhans secretes glucagon via alpha cells and insulin via beta cells
Addisonian crisis symptoms
Hyperkalemia
Hyperthermia
Hypotensive
Hypoglycemic
Primary adrenal insufficiency
is when the adrenal glands don’t make enough of the hormones cortisol and aldosterone (addison’s disease)
Secondary adrenal insufficiency
occurs when the pituitary gland doesn’t make enough of the hormone ACTH
Often in pts who discontinued glucocorticoids recently
Congenital hypothyroidism
Lack of thyroid gland, abnormal hormone synthesis or deficient thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
How is congenital hypothyroidism noted in infants?
Poor growth
Poor feeding
Large tongue
Excessive sleep
Poor muscle tone
Umbilical hernia
Acquired hypothyroidism
Can be from destruction of gland from chemo or cancer
Or if not enough thyroid hormone is produced by a tumour or obstruction
Manifestations of acquired hypothyroidism
Puffy moon face
Hair loss
Edema
Fertility issues
Myxedema coma
Profound hypothyroidism
Life threatening
Presentation of myxedma coma
Decreased LOC and RR
Bradycardia with hemodynamics stability
Often found in elderly women with chronic hypothyroidism
Hyper thyroidism
Excessive delivery of T3 + T4 to peripheral tissues
Common cause of Graves’ disease
Hyperthyroidism signs and symptoms
Related to increased o2 consumption and use of metabolic fuels
Tremors, large appetite, wide eyes from muscle malformation
Graves’ disease
Excess T3 + T4 delivery to tissues from thyroid
Thyroid storm
Thyrotoxicosis
Precipitated by fever, DKA or trauma
Characteristic 39 degrees fever
Appears similar to heat stroke
Exocrine glands
Excrete chemicals for elimination
(Sweat glands, salivary glands and the liver)
Endocrine glands
Secrete and release chemicals that are used inside the body.
Glands don’t have ducts so they release directly into surrounding tissue or blood.
