Endocrine Diseases

Question 1

f someone has an HbA1C of 7%, what is their corresponding average blood glucose level?

Answer 1

7%=154mg/dL and that every percent change corresponds to approx. a 30mg change, Ie 8% would be ~184mg/dl)

Question 2

What value is used to define hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients?

Answer 2

<70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L)

Question 3

What value is used to define hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients?

Answer 3

>140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L)

Question 4

What glucose target range is recommended for most hospitalized patients?

Answer 4

140 and 180 mg/dL (7.8-10.0 mmol/L)

Question 5

Diagnosis criteria for Diabetes? 3

Answer 5

1. Symptoms of diabetes (polyuria, polydipsia, unexplained weight loss) plus a random plasma glucose concentration ≥ 200 mg/dL or
2. Fasting (no caloric intake for ≥ 8 hr) plasma glucose level ≥ 126 mg/dL or
3. 2-hr plasma glucose level > 200 mg/dL during an oral glucose tolerance test

Question 6

Diagnostic features of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (5)

Answer 6

• Serum glucose level (mg/dL) = ≥300
• ph = ≤7.3
• hCo3− (mEq/L) = ≤18
• Serum osmolarity (mosm/L) = <320
• Serum and urine ketone levels = Moderate to high

Stoelting p.455

Question 7

Diagnostic features of Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome

Answer 7

Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome aka Hypoglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Syndrome (HHNKS)

characterized by severe hyperglycemia, hyperosmolarity, and dehydration

• Glucose level (mg/dL) = ≥600
• ph = ≥7.3
• hCo3− (mEq/L) = ≥15
• Serum osmolarity (mosm/L) = ≥350