Endocrine diseases Flashcards
What is the endocrine system
Complex network of glands that produce and release hormones
What glands are within the endocrine system
Adrenal, Hypothalamus, Islet cells of pancreas, Ovaries, Parathyroid, Pineal, Pituitary gland, Testes, Thymus, Thyroid
What do adrenal glands release
releases multiple hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone etc
What controls the pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
What do islet cells secrete
Insulin and glucagon
What part of the endocrine system controls blood calcium levels
Parathyroid
What gland secretes melatonin
Pineal
What is the function of the thymus in the endocrine system
Helps develop immune system
What gland controls metabolism
Thyroid gland in neck
Why do disorders of the endocrine system occur
Hormone Levels are too high
Hormone Levels are too low
Your body does not respond to hormones in the expected way
How does the endocrine feedback system work
If you have too much or too little of a particular hormone the feedback system signals to the appropriate gland/ glands to correct this
Problems with the feedback system leads to hormone imbalance
What is the difference between primary and secondary endocrine disease
Gland Failure (Primary)
Control Failure (Secondary)
Where is the pituitary gland
Located at base of brain, below the hypothalamus
What hormones does the pituitary gland release
ANTERIOR pituitary
TSH - Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
ACTH - Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone
GH - Growth Hormone
LH, FSH, Prolactin
POSTERIOR pituitary
ADH - Anti Diuretic Hormone (vasopressin) - diabetes insipidus
Oxytocin
What hormones are released from the posterior pituitary gland
ADH
Oxytocin
Where are both growth hormone and ACTH (Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone) released from
Anterior pituitary
What hormones does the hypothalamus control
TRH, GnRH, CRH
What does a non-functional adenoma mean
Space occupying
How are tumours infringing on the optic nerve treated
Trans-sphynoidal surgery
What impacts does insufficient growth hormone production have
Growth failure in Children
Metabolic Changes in Adults
increased fat
reduced vitality
What effect does growth hormone have on blood glucose levels
Can raise them
How is GH levels assessed
Measure Insulin-like growth factor 1 as growth hormone can raise blood glucose levels
When is acromegaly most commonly developed
30-50yrs
What is acromegaly caused by
Benign pituitary tumour