Endocrine: Diabetes (General Treatment - Type 1 & Type 2) Flashcards
Clients should be taught what to help with glycemic control ?
How to count Carbs
For Diabetics, Carbs should include what ?
- Fruits
- Vegetables
- Whole grains
- Low fat dairy
With Diabetes, why are we worried about carbohydrates ?
Because Sugar destroys vessels just like fat
TESTING STARTEGY
Extremes in blood sugar = ?
Vascular damage
This is why poor circulation occurs
Diabetics need to add what types of foods to there diet ?
High fiber foods
What effect do High fiber foods have on Diabetes ?
Slows down glucose absorption in the intestines
therefore, eliminating the sharp rise and fall in blood sugar
True or False:
Individualized nutrition counseling based on a thorough nutritional assessment is best ?
True
Which method is the best for visual meal planning ?
The Plate method
What size plate should be used for meals ?
How should it be filled ?
What can be added as a low calorie drink ?
- 9 inch plate
- 1/2 of plate with non-starchy vegetables
1/4 of the plate with carbs
1/4 of the plate with proteins - A glass of water
What is the goal of exercise for a Diabetic ?
For it to be Regular and Consistent
When should Diabetics begin to exercise ?
when blood sugars normalize
What should Diabetics do pre-exercise to prevent hypoglycemia ?
Eat
Exercise should take place when blood sugars are at there what ?
Highest
True or False:
You should exercise at the same time and amount daily ?
True
Oral Anti-diabetics and Non-insulin injectables are medications prescribed for what Type of Diabetes ?
Type 2
Oral Anti-diabetics and Non-insulin injectables are administered how ?
Orally or Subcutaneously
* Dont think Sub q is insulin just because it’s Sub q
How do Oral Anti-diabetics and Non-insulin injectables work ? (By improving 2 things)
- How to the body produces insulin
- How the body uses insulin and glucose
What is the most widely used oral anti-diabetic ?
Metformin (Glucophage)
For MOST clients, what is the first choice medication ?
Metformin
You may see Metformin used for what else ?
- Weight control in Type 2 diabetics
- Some clients with Pre-diabetes
Why is Metformin a favorite ?
Because it reduces glucose production & enhances how glucose enters the cell
If Metformin is not controlling the blood glucose levels, what will be done ?
Another anti-diabetic will be ordered
possibly, Glargine (Lantus)
Clients undergoing surgery or any radiologic procedure that involves contrast dye should do what ?
Temporarily discontinue Metformin
When can Metformin be resumed following surgery or radiologic procedures that involved contrast dye ?
48 hours after the procedure if kidney function has returned and the creatinine level is normal
What are Examples of Non-insulin Injectable medications ?
- Dulaglutide* (Trulicity)
- Semaglutide* (Ozempic)
- Pramlintide* (Symlin)
- = Generic Names (NCLEX = ONLY generic names)
What are the 2 benefits of Non-insulin Injectables ?
- Timing (taken once a day, once every 2 days, or once a week)
- Weight loss (moderate loss is seen in some clients)
Who is Insulin required for ?
- ALL type 1 diabetics
- SOME type 2 diabetics
Initially, Insulin is based on what ?
Body weight