Endocrine and Urinary system

Question 1

function of the pineal gland

Answer 1

regulates sleep/wake cycles and secretes the hormone melatonin.

Question 2

function of the hypothalamus

Answer 2

releases hormones to help with reproduction, thyroid regulation, growth, emotions, water levels in the body, and our response to stress.

Question 3

function of the pituitary gland

Answer 3

releases several hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, reproduction, stress or trauma response, lactation,water balance, and childbirth.

Question 4

function of the thyroid

Answer 4

plays a major role in growth and development of the human body and metabolism.

Question 5

function of the pancreas

Answer 5

creates enzymes to break down sugars, fats, and starches as well as hormones that regulate blood sugar, appetite, stomach acid, and when to empty your stomach

Question 6

function of the adrenal glands

Answer 6

release hormones that help regulate to body’s response to stress as well as metabolism, blood pressure, and the immune system.

Question 7

function of the thymus

Answer 7

makes white blood cells until puberty, when all the T-cells you need have been made. It also releases hormones that control the pituitary gland.

Question 8

kidney function

Answer 8

filters blood, regulates fluid volumes, and produces urine.

Question 9

ureter function

Answer 9

transports urine from the kidney to the bladder.

Question 10

bladder function

Answer 10

stores urine

Question 11

urethra

Answer 11

carries urine from the bladder outside of the body.

Question 12

urinary system function

Answer 12

maintain water levels in the body, ride of waste, balance of pH and electrolytes

Question 13

filtration

Answer 13

moving materials from blood to urine

Question 14

secretion

Answer 14

moving materials from blood to urine

Question 15

reabsoprtion

Answer 15

materials move out of urine back into the blood, helps to maintain homeostasis

Question 16

increase of reabsorption

Answer 16

low salt or glucose, dehydrated, urine will be dark yellow

Question 17

increase of secretion

Answer 17

taking frequent medications, alcohol consumption, too much glucose or salt, over hydrated, urine will be clear/light yellow

Question 18

antidiuretic hormone

Answer 18

controls the permeability of the nephron by opening/closing water channels

Question 19

glomerular filtration rate

Answer 19

how quickly blood is cleansed of metabolic waste, how effective kidneys reabsorb and secretes substances, how well they maintain homeostasis

Question 20

feedback loops

Answer 20

the body’s pathway back to homeostasis

Question 21

negative feedback loop

Answer 21

stimulus is reduced asap, immediate fix

Question 22

positive feedback loop

Answer 22

stimulus is amplified, things have to get worse to get better

Question 23

afferent arteriole

Answer 23

brings blood into the glomerulus from the heart. connects to the Renal artery, oxygenated, dirty.

Question 24

efferent arteriole

Answer 24

take blood from the glomerulus and back through the body. connects to renal vein, deoxygenated, clean.

Question 25

reabsorption of glucose

Answer 25

nearly all of it occurs in the PCT (proximal convoluted tubule)

Question 26

water reabsoprtion

Answer 26

most occurs in PCT (70%)
descending loop of Henle (20%)